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151
Do men eat more to show off to women?
from Daily Herald

Maybe it's due to our evolution from the era of cave men when the strongest and fastest hunters would have the biggest bounty to eat.

Or maybe it's just another example of the male perception of what women like gone awry.

Cornell University researchers have found that men tend to eat significantly more -- nearly double -- when in the presence of the fairer sex and that this excess may be "motivated by a hard-wired male urge to demonstrate prowess."

The study, published this month in the journal Evolutionary Psychological Science, involved observing diners at an all-you-can eat Italian buffet. Men who were dining with at least one woman consumed 93 percent more pizza (the equivalent of 1.44 more slices) and 86 percent more salad than those who were exclusively in the company of other men.

"The findings suggest that men tend to overeat to show off," lead author Kevin Kniffin, a visiting assistant professor in applied economics and management, said. "Instead of a feat of strength, it's a feat of eating."

The authors theorized that the overconsumption may be an unconscious way to signal their biological fitness -- something that might have made sense in the distant past, but that doesn't make as much sense in a wealthy, modern day society obsessed with slim, fit bodies.

There's been a lot of previous work into the role of sexual selection in eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia among women which presumes males tend to select mates who are slim. But there's been significantly less on what's known as "disordered eating" -- such as binge eating contests that reward people for eating as many hot dogs or steaks as possible -- in men and what drives this.

"Analogous to the view that women 'eat lightly' in order to respond to men's mating preferences, the intersexual or mate-choice hypothesis that we test presumes that men 'eat heavily' in response to women's mating preferences," the researchers wrote. They explained:

"Heroes who might have been warriors, princes, or knights in earlier tales are described today as CEOs, oil magnates, and corporate raiders. The common thread of these roles is that they each occupy a relatively high position in their respective social contexts. In our case, just as no one would expect an evolutionary basis per se for why women should prefer men who are adept at balancing a firm's quarterly earnings to exceed Wall Street expectations, the hypothesis that women will tend to prefer men who can eat conspicuously or competitively does not need a direct evolutionary basis beyond the fact that eating represents an avenue through which men can distinguish themselves as relatively superior."

But what do the women dining with these men think?

The study found that women eating with men reported that they felt rushed during the meal and that they were the ones who ate too much -- even though researchers found there was no evidence they overdid it.
152
Scientists catch black hole swallowing star, burping a bit back out
from Kansas City Star



Astronomers have caught black holes in the act of murdering stars before. But a study published Thursday in Science claims to have caught a step in the crime that has remained elusive until now.

In addition to catching evidence of the star’s destruction â€" an inevitable death caused by the massive, inescapable gravitational pull of a dense supermassive black hole â€" the scientists saw a hot flare of matter escape from the scene of the crime.

You can basically think of it as a hot plasma burp.

The researchers say this is the first time anyone has successfully picked up the radio signal produced by this jet of escaping matter. These black hole jets have been seen before, but they’ve never been directly linked to a star being torn apart â€" and the phenomenon remains pretty mysterious.

“These events are extremely rare,” study author Sjoert van Velzen, a Hubble fellow at Johns Hopkins University, said in a statement. “It’s the first time we see everything from the stellar destruction followed by the launch of a conical outflow, also called a jet, and we watched it unfold over several months.”

The deceased star was quite similar to our own, but sat a staggering 300 million light years away. It was done in by the type of supermassive black hole thought to sit in the center of most galaxies â€" including our own.

Ohio State University scientists were the first to catch the murder in progress using an optical telescope, which they announced online in 2014. Along with researchers from the University of Oxford, van Velzen used different telescopes to gather optical, radio, and X-ray signals from the event as it unfolded. The researchers hope that they'll be able to catch more black hole burps in progress, so they can figure out the exact mechanism behind the purge.

We still have a lot to learn about black holes. Luckily, NASA has dubbed Nov. 27 “Black Hole Friday” â€" so you can read up on all the latest black hole findings with just a few clicks.
153
Amazon now offering unlimited cloud storage for $5 for one year
from Mashable

Now may be a really good time to try out Amazon Cloud Drive.

The company is offering a promotion for Black Friday that will give you a year of unlimited cloud storage for $5.

The plan allows users to upload an unlimited number of files to the service, including photos, which are stored at full resolution. While some services, like Google Photos, allow you to store photos for free, they do so at a slightly reduced resolution.

Amazon offers two mobile apps, Amazon Cloud Drive and Amazon Photos, which allow you to sync and manage files from your smartphone.

While the price is a significant discount â€" a year of cloud storage is normally $59.99 â€" it's important to note the current offer is only for a year, so those who take advantage of it will pay the full price after the initial year.

Even so, unlimited cloud storage at the full price of $59.99/year is competitive as few services offer truly unlimited storage. 1 TB of storage on Apple's iCloud and Dropbox Pro both cost $9.99/month. Until recently, Microsoft offered unlimited OneDrive storage to Office 365 subscribers, which began at $6.99 a month. Microsoft revised the plans earlier this moth after some subscribers reportedly were using as much as 75 TB each. Now, Office 365 subscribers are limited to 1 TB of storage.
154
World's Biggest Animal Cloning Factory To Be Built In China
from Tech Times

The largest animal cloning factory in the world is now likely underway in China â€" a path “no one has ever travelled” in cattle cloning and meeting the country’s skyrocketing demand for beef.

The projected 14,000-square-meter factory will be built and operated by Boyalife, which is allotting 200 million yuan ($313 million) for the project. Tianjin, a city situated about 100 miles from the Chinese capital, will be the site of the grand venture to be started in the first half of next year.

According to Boyalife's chief exectuive Xiao-Chun Xu, they are hoping at the moment to produce 100,000 cow embryos annually and to contribute five percent of China's premium cattle.

“We are building something that has not existed in the past,” said Xu in an interview.

Boyalife scientists will also explore cloning champion racehorses as well as sniffer dogs that can assist in rescue operations or detect illegal drugs. Xu added that helping save critically endangered species is another one of their targets.

“This is going to change our world and our lives,” the CEO said of the factory, which is among the latest moves of China to lead in cloning technology worldwide.

According to a Hong Kong publication, mainland Chinese scientists have already been cloning pigs, sheep, and cattle for around 15 years now. Another media outlet reported last year that Chinese firm BGI was cloning on an industrial level in the city of Shenzhen, said to be producing 500 cloned pigs per year.

The planned cloning factory is built in partnership with Sooam Biotech, a South Korean firm run by Seoul-based Hwang Woo-suk. Hwang, once dubbed the “king of cloning,” was found guilty in 2006 of fraud and gross ethical lapses in his research and ways of obtaining human eggs for his lab work.

In a conference call held on Thursday, Nov. 26, Xu tried to quash anxieties over the new project and the technology behind it.

“Clone technology is already around us. It’s just that not everyone knows about it,” he said, citing that bananas and strawberries sold in Chinese grocery stores were produced by this very technology. He likened the process to “pouring a glass of orange juice into another empty glass,” implying that the cloned product will be an exact copy of the original one. He also noted that cloned beef is the “tastiest” beef he has ever had.

In the United Kingdom, cloned cow meat and milk products are classified as “novel foods” and need to come with a special permission to be sold. The Food Standards Agency in 2010 investigated beef coming from the offspring of a cow cloned in the U.S. entering the food chain.

The European Food Safety Authority â€" while pointing out no difference between meat and dairy from clones and conventionally raised animals â€" said cloning may lead to animal health and welfare issues. It underlined the impact the process has on the increasing number of deaths at all stages of development.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ruled cloned animals as safe to eat. Although the Chinese cloning factory operation appeard to be smaller than American firms seeking to sell cloned livestock, most cloned cattle in the U.S. serve as breeding stock for raising herd quality rather than for food supply.
155
With the Lenovo Razer Edition PC, two companies launch a gaming hardware partnership
from PC World

Perhaps fearing its own computers didn't emit enough eye-searing green, Lenovo showed up at DreamHack in Jönköping, Sweden, on Friday to announce it's partnering with Razer on a new line of gaming hardwareâ€"desktops, laptops, peripherals, you name it.

The pair unveiled a prototype of their first “Lenovo Razer Edition” product, a gaming desktop expected to launch in Q1 2016. Here's another product render:



The prototype looks pretty similar to the chassis used in Lenovo's Y900 gaming desktop, thoughâ€"as expectedâ€"decked out with Razer-green lighting on the front. The weird rainbow shadow at the bottom presumably indicates the presence of Razer's Chroma lighting and software (i.e. 16.8-million-color RGB lighting).

No specs as of yet, though given it looks like the same chassis as the Y900 I assume we'll see similar internal components. The Y900 is a pretty standard desktop make, with support for up to two graphics cards. Zooming in on the prototype render, it looks like there are, indeed, dual Nvidia cards socked inside. Lenovo's Victor Rios told me Razer has a hand in choosing both internal and peripheral components, so there's a chance it'll come packaged with Razer peripherals, such as a mouse or keyboard. Expect more details at CES in January.

Why this matters: For now, we just have a partnership announcement. It's an unexpected but (probably) smart move for Lenovo, which, despite a strong presence in “mainstream” computing, lacks cachet within the gaming niche. See also: Why Dell bought and maintains the Alienware brand despite the fact it could easily pump out Dell-branded gaming PCs if it wanted.

Razer brings much-needed gaming cachet

“We want to move beyond just the mainstream, and we think partnering with Razer and getting some of that unique DNA we can start to reach up more into the performance and enthusiast space,” said Rios when I spoke to him last week.



But Razer might be the bigger winner here. With its Blade laptop and the Project Christine prototype from a few years back, it's clear Razer wants to expand beyond its gaming peripheral roots and into full-on PCs. This partnership lets Razer “make PCs” without, you know, making PCs. Lenovo can do most of the heavy lifting.

Or as Razer CEO Min-Liang Tan puts it in this press release, “Lenovo is the world’s #1 PC maker. Razer is the world’s #1 gaming lifestyle brand.” Well put.

(Side note: Razer did confirm the Blade line will continue to exist, independent of its work with Lenovo.)

In addition to the desktop specs, I anticipate a few other announcements at CESâ€"even if it ends up mostly being “Lenovo computers with Razer's branding and RGB lighting,” a la the ongoing relationship between MSI and SteelSeries. From Lenovo's perspective (via Rios), the partnership is “open-ended.”

We'll see what the future holds, though I can pretty much guarantee one thing: A lot of green and black.

156
One of the Largest Hacks Yet Exposes Data on Hundreds of Thousands of Kids
from Motherboard

The personal information of almost 5 million parents and more than 200,000 kids was exposed earlier this month after a hacker broke into the servers of a Chinese company that sells kids toys and gadgets, Motherboard has learned.

The hacked data includes names, email addresses, passwords, and home addresses of 4,833,678 parents who have bought products sold by VTech, which has almost $2 billion in revenue. The dump also includes the first names, genders and birthdays of more than 200,000 kids.

What’s worse, it’s possible to link the children to their parents, exposing the kids’ full identities and where they live, according to an expert who reviewed the breach for Motherboard.

This is the fourth largest consumer data breach to date, according to the website Have I Been Pwned, the most well known repository of data breaches online, which allows users to check if their emails and passwords have been compromised in any publicly known hack.

The hacker who claimed responsibility for the breach provided files containing the sensitive data to Motherboard last week. VTech then confirmed the breach in an email on Thursday, days after Motherboard reached out to the company for comment.

“On November 14 [Hong Kong Time] an unauthorized party accessed VTech customer data on our Learning Lodge app store customer database,” Grace Pang, a VTech spokesperson, told Motherboard in an email. “We were not aware of this unauthorized access until you alerted us.”

On Friday, I asked the hacker what the plan was for the data, and they simply answered, “nothing.” The hacker claims to have shared the data only with Motherboard, though it could have easily been sold online.

VTech announced the breach publicly on Friday, but failed to disclose its severity. The press release doesn’t mention how many records were lost, nor that the passwords stolen are poorly encrypted, or that the breach exposes the identities of children.

You might not have heard of VTech, but the company sells a plethora of kids’ toys and gadgets, including tablets, phones, and a baby monitor. The company also maintains an online store, called Learning Lodge, where parents can download apps, ebooks, and games for VTech products.

When pressed, VTech did not provide any details on the attack. But the hacker, who requested anonymity, told Motherboard that they gained access to the company’s database using a technique known as SQL injection. Also known as SQLi, this is an ancient, yet extremely effective, method of attack where hackers insert malicious commands into a website’s forms, tricking it into returning other data.

The hacker was then able to break into VTech’s web and database servers, where they had “root access”â€"in other words, access with full authorization or control. The hacker said that while they don’t intend to publish the data publicly, it’s possible others exfiltrated it first.

“It was pretty easy to dump, so someone with darker motives could easily get it,” the hacker said in an encrypted chat.

Motherboard reviewed the data with the help of security expert Troy Hunt, who maintains Have I Been Pwned.

Hunt analyzed the data and found 4,833,678 unique email addresses with their corresponding passwords. The passwords were not stored in plaintext, but “hashed” or protected with an algorithm known as MD5, which is considered trivial to break. (If you want to check whether you're among the victims, you can do it on Hunt's website Have I Been Pwned.)

Moreover, secret questions used for password or account recovery were also stored in plaintext, meaning attackers could potentially use this information to try and reset the passwords to other accounts belonging to users in the breachâ€"for example, Gmail or even an online banking account.

“That’s very negligent,” Hunt said. “They’ve obviously done a really bad job at storing passwords.”

For Hunt, however, the most worrisome element of the breach is the fact that it contains data about kids, and that it’s possible to link the kids’ database back to the parents, making it possible to figure out a kid’s full name and home address.

“When it includes their parents as wellâ€"along with their home addressâ€"and you can link the two and emphatically say ‘Here is 9 year old Mary, I know where she lives and I have other personally identifiable information about her parents (including their password and security question),’ I start to run out of superlatives to even describe how bad that is,” Hunt wrote in a blog post he published on Friday.

With the Hunt’s help, we reached out to victims to alert them of the breach, and find out how they felt.

“I was surprised and shocked to see my data breached on a ‘child friendly’ website,” Cathryn Edwards, a mother from the UK, said in an email.

The sentiment of outrage was echoed by another victim, who asked to remain anonymous.

“Why do you need know my address, why do you need to know all this information just so I can download a couple of free books for my kid on this silly pad thing? Why did they have all this information?” the victim, who is a father also living in the UK, told Motherboard over the phone. “If you can’t trust a company like that, then who can you trust with your information? It’s kind of scary.”

According to Hunt, it appears that parents still can’t trust VTech. Apart from the breach, he also found a number of awful security practices during a “cursory review” of how the company handles data on its sites.

Hunt said that VTech doesn’t use SSL web encryption anywhere, and transmits data such as passwords completely unprotected. (SSL is a technology used to protect data sent between a user and a website, and it’s typically visualized with a green lock on the URL bar.) Hunt also found that the company’s websites “leak extensive data” from their databases and APIsâ€"so much that an attacker could get a lot of data about the parents or kids just by taking advantage of these flaws.

“The bottom line is that you don’t even need a data breach,” Hunt said. Still, he said this should serve as a lesson for VTech.

“Taking security seriously is something you need to do before a data breach, not something you say afterwards to placate people,” he wrote in his blog post.

In this case, it appears the hacker decided not to profit by selling the data online. But next time, VTech might not be so lucky.

157
Microsoft Cortana Says Hello To iOS
from Tech News Today

In a blog post at WareNotice, Microsoft officially announced Cortana’s beta version app for iOS, which is now available exclusively for those who signed up for it earlier this month. The company is conducting initial tests by using TestFlight, which Apple has limited to 2,000 people per app.

Similar to Windows, Cortana for iOS will facilitate users to create reminders, perform quick Internet searches, schedule and track appointments, compose email and messages, and other basic features through voice commands.

Cortana attempts to absorb natural language input similar to the way Siri does. The TestFlight version is to determine whether or not she can respond like a human assistant. The app is more likely to function as a VA (Virtual Assistant). It will perform as a cross-platform for those who work at PC in their offices and have an iOS- based device at home. According to a TechCrunch report, beta testers were asked to create a reminder on their Windows 10 PC to determine its functionality in an iOS device. The users were asked to judge if the experience of having a virtual assistant was more realistic.

Pioneered by Google Now and adapted by Siri, the feature for proactive suggestions will now be available on Cortana. Similar to any virtual assistant app present currently in the market, it can make appointments, keep a track of your sport scores, stock, or any other information seeking tasks that can be performed online. The makers claim that they are entirely focused on making Cortana on iOS a perfect combination for Windows lovers. Currently, there are no official announcements for its release date. However, Microsoft aims to make it a wide-range-cross-platform project, and for that purpose, it is also conducting beta testing for Cortana on Android.
158
As California embraces renewable energy, future unclear for state's last nuclear power plant
from Star Tribune

Six years ago, the company that owns California's last operating nuclear power plant announced it would seek an extended lifespan for its aging reactors. Pacific Gas and Electric Co. envisioned Diablo Canyon as a linchpin in the state's green energy future, with its low-carbon electricity illuminating homes to nearly midcentury.

Now, with a much changed nuclear power landscape, the company is evaluating whether to meet a tangle of potentially costly state environmental requirements needed to obtain renewed operating licenses.

If it doesn't move forward, California's nuclear power age will end.

That prospect is remarkable considering it was once predicted that meeting California's growing energy needs would require a nuclear power plant every 50 miles along its coast. But vast fields of solar panels, wind turbines that in places are as common as fence posts and developments in power storage speak to changed times.

"We are not talking about either go dark or go nuclear. There are clearly now so many alternatives," said former California Environmental Secretary Terry Tamminen, a green energy advocate who served under Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.

The issues in play at Diablo Canyon range from a long-running debate over the ability of structures to withstand earthquakes â€" one fault runs 650 yards from the reactors â€" to the possibility PG&E might be ordered by state regulators to spend billions to modify or replace the plant's cooling system, which sucks up 2.5 billions of gallons of ocean water a day and has been blamed for killing fish and other marine life.

"We continue to evaluate feedback on the seismic research and steps needed to obtain state approvals," PG&E spokesman Blair Jones said.

When PG&E announced its intention to keep the plant running an additional 20 years, to 2044 for the Unit 1 reactor and 2045 for Unit 2, company officials said it would help slash greenhouse gas emissions while contributing to the economic health of California, which has been setting ever-higher ambitions for using solar, wind and other renewable energy sources.

Without new operating licenses, the plant can't run past 2025. Renewing a nuclear power license is a lengthy proposition, and so even with years to go it's fast becoming a late hour.

The uncertainty around PG&E's 3-decade-old plant comes at a challenging time for the company and the U.S. nuclear industry, once thought on the verge of a renaissance.

In April, PG&E was hit with a record $1.6 billion penalty for a 2010 gas pipeline explosion that killed eight people and destroyed about three dozen homes near San Francisco. The explosion led to state and federal investigations into alleged back-channel dealings between PG&E executives and a top state regulator, and suggestions the state's largest utility should be broken up to improve safety.

Meanwhile, the construction of new nuclear plants in the South has come with costly delays, while proposals for others around the U.S. have been scratched.

An abundance of inexpensive natural gas has owners of older nuclear plants wondering if the money needed to keep them on line will pay off. Those plants â€" typically decades old â€" can make cheap power but face expensive repairs and maintenance from age. That can turn the balance sheet upside down.

Southern California Edison's San Onofre nuclear plant, between San Diego and Los Angeles, was shut down permanently in 2013 after a $670 million equipment swap failed. The same year Duke Energy announced it would close the Crystal River Nuclear Plant in Florida after a botched repair job left it facing potentially billions of dollars in additional work.

"You put together the potential for high capital costs and political hesitation and we're not surprised PG&E would take pause before going forward with any significant investments," Morningstar energy analyst Travis Miller said.

For years, environmentalists have pressed the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to close Diablo, given its proximity to faults in a seismically active state. If the plant shut down it would be a blow to the local economy â€" it's a major employer in its home county â€" but state energy experts say it would not pose long-term problems for California's power supply, though they've recommended more study.

California banned nuclear plant construction, until the nation finds a permanent disposal site for the plants' radioactive waste.

For PG&E to receive extended licenses from the federal government, California regulators must determine a renewal is consistent with state environmental laws. A key player in that review is the powerful California Coastal Commission, which says the company's 2009 application is incomplete.

In a letter to the company, the commission raised the possibility seismic studies could require PG&E to modify foundations or add support structures, and that a longer operating life would require more space to store highly radioactive used fuel â€" potentially expensive projects that could fall under the commission's authority.

Gov. Jerry Brown, a onetime nuclear power critic who has moderated his position as he's become more ardent about the dangers of carbon emissions, has been quiet on the plant's future.

As PG&E continues its review of state-level issues, it's facing a new round of questions from the NRC, which is conducting its piece of the license review, and a state board about its seismic research.

PG&E has long said the plant is safe from the largest potential earthquake in the region. But new research has led to more questions about nearby faults, their shaking potential and how the company evaluates it.

Among the issues: What exactly is the plant built on?

The state Independent Peer Review Panel, an arm of the California Public Utilities Commission comprised of scientific experts, has questioned the company's research on the physical properties and structure of rock below the plant, an important factor in how hard the earth could shake during an earthquake.

The geology is complex â€" a jumble of different rock types, according to the review panel. Generally, softer, looser earth can amplify shaking, sometimes significantly.

Rather than solid rock, in some places "it looks like a Christmas fruitcake," said Bruce Gibson, a geophysicist and San Luis Obispo County supervisor who serves on the panel. "It's a big deal."
159
Pope honors Ugandan Christian martyrs as example of faith
from Christian Science Monitor

Pope Francis on Saturday honored Uganda's 19th century Christian martyrs and encouraged its 21st century Christian youths during a day that saw nearly a half-million Ugandans turn out to see the pope before he heads to Central African Republic for the final leg of his African journey.

The welcome at each of Francis' many stops was as enthusiastic as he has ever received: Pilgrims camped out overnight under rain showers to score a spot for his morning Mass at the site of Uganda's most famous shrine. And some 150,000 young people gave him a rock star's welcome when he arrived in his popemobile for a pep rally.

At each venue, Francis sought to remind Ugandans of their strong Christian roots _ the former British colony is 47 percent Catholic and 36 percent Anglican _ and to apply their faith to today's challenges.

"Remember, you are a people of martyrs," he said. "In your veins runs the blood of martyrs, and for this reason you have such a strong faith."

Francis began the day with a Mass before an estimated 300,000 people honoring the 45 Anglican and Catholic martyrs who were burned alive rather than renounce their faith during an anti-Christian persecution in the late 1800s.

At the Namugongo shrine, the site of their execution, Francis urged today's faithful to use the martyrs' example to be missionaries at home by taking care of "the elderly, the poor, the widowed and the abandoned."

Later, Francis headlined a giant pep rally at an unused airstrip. Once again when surrounded by young people, he ditched his prepared speech and spoke from the heart in the casual, conversational style he is known for.

He heard from a young girl, Winnie Nansumba, who was born HIV-positive and lost her parents before she turned 7. She suffered from depression but now is an activist promoting abstinence and monogamy in marriage. Francis also heard from Emmanuel Odokonyero, who was abducted by Uganda's brutal Lord's Resistance Army and was held captive and tortured for three months before he escaped. He later got a university degree.

Francis told them that faith can help them overcome all of life's difficulties.

"Overcome difficulties, transform the negative into positive, and pray," Francis told the crowd.

Francis is expected to shift message to pressing geopolitical concerns when he arrives Sunday in Bangui, Central African Republic, where deadly violence between Christians and Muslims has flared recently despite the presence of a U.N. peacekeeping force.
160
Putin calls plane's downing by Turkey 'stab in the back'
from CNN

One of the world's most volatile regions was roiled further Tuesday when Turkey shot down a Russian warplane near the Turkish-Syrian border. Turkey said it hit the plane after it repeatedly violated Turkey's airspace and ignored 10 warnings.

Turkey and Russia exchanged bellicose language after the downing of the plane, raising fears in the international community that the brutal Syrian conflict could spiral into something much wider.

Russian President Vladimir Putin called the downing of the Russian plane a "stab in the back that will have serious consequences for Russia's relationship with Turkey."

And Turkey's ambassador to the United States, Serdar Kilic, was equally aggressive in his comments, tweeting: "Understand this: Turkey is a country whose warnings should be taken seriously and listened to. Don't test Turkey's patience. Try to win its friendship."

NATO's governing body, the North Atlantic Council, said it would hold an emergency meeting in Brussels at 5 p.m. (11 a.m. ET) on Tuesday. The council is made up of the NATO ambassadors of the 28 countries that are members of the alliance and is NATO's highest decision-making body.

Turkey is a member of NATO, which considers an attack on one of its members to be an attack on them all.

Not long after the plane was shot down Tuesday morning, spitting fire and diving nose-first toward the ground, Turkey claimed responsibility. Turkey's semiofficial outlet, the Anadolu Agency, quoted Turkish presidential sources as saying the Russian Su-24 was "hit within the framework of engagement rules" in Syria's Bayirbucak area, near the border with Turkey.



Russian officials denied the plane had violated Turkish airspace.

Both pilots ejected from the plane, but their fate is unknown, Sputnik reported. The terrorist group ISIS does not operate in the area where the plane went down. But other rebel groups do, including al Nusra Front -- al Qaeda's affiliate in Syria -- along with more moderate U.S.-backed groups.

Abu Ibrahim al-Sheghri, the military leader in the 10th coastal brigade and part of the Turkmen Mountain Military Operation Room, told CNN that the body of one of the pilots had been found in the Nibh Almur area of Syria.The brigade is searching for the other pilot in the same area he said.

A brutal civil war

Turkey released a purported image of the flight path of the plane showing it had violated Turkish airspace. Turkey said it had issued 10 warnings to the aircraft before two F-16s responded "within engagement rules" near the Turkish-Syrian border.

But the Russian Defense Ministry said "objective monitoring confirmed" the plane was not in Turkish airspace.

"The Su-24 bomber jet was in Syrian airspace at the altitude 6,000 meters, the Russian Defense Ministry said," according to Sputnik. "The pilots were reportedly able to parachute out of the jet before it crashed."

A U.S. defense official told CNN that Turkey informed Washington that it had shot down a Russian military aircraft near the Syrian border after an airspace violation. U.S. forces were not involved in the incident, the official added.

Syria has been embroiled for more than four years in a brutal civil war that has killed hundreds of thousands of people, sent millions of families fleeing and laid waste to entire cities.

Turkey vehemently opposes the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad. Russia is propping up the Assad regime.

Skirmishes between Turks and Syrians have taken place in the past, with Turkish officials accusing Syrian planes of violating Turkish air space.



A 'significant escalation'

"The moment of the plane falling into Bayirbucak region across from Hatay's Yayladagi was captured on camera," the Anadolu Agency reported. "The pilot's evacuation via parachute was also captured. Heavy smoke has been seen in the area where the plane fell."

Sajjan Gohel, international security director for the Asia-Pacific Foundation, a think tank, described the downing of the plane as "a very significant escalation."

"It's very much the last thing that's needed right now, especially in the aftermath of the Paris attacks, when there was hope that Russia could form an alliance with France and with the United States against ISIS," Gohel said. "This is going to complicate things. This is going to add unnecessary tensions that really weren't required at this critical juncture."

He said the downing of the Russian plane would hamper efforts to form a united front against the terrorist group ISIS.

"This is a situation that unfortunately was almost inevitable at some point, because Turkey has long been accusing Russia of interfering in their airspace," Gohel said. "They've threatened them in the past. And even though economic relations between the two countries are strong -- politically, there have been tensions recently."

NATO 'in contact with Turkish authorities'

A NATO official told CNN that NATO was monitoring the events closely.

"We are in contact with Turkish authorities and will have to wait to see how it develops," the official said.

The official noted that "when Russian jets violated Turkish airspace a few weeks ago, the Council did meet in an extraordinary session, which resulted in a condemnation of the incursion."

The official would not comment on whether the alliance was in contact with Russian authorities over the incident.

A massive proxy war

Syria's internal conflict has become a massive proxy war for numerous international powers, both in the region and outside it -- a situation that has added to the perception that incidents such as Tuesday's plane downing were inevitable.

Currently, the United States, Russia, France, the Gulf states, Turkey, Israel, Iran, Jordan and Hezbollah are involved, one way or another, in military activity in Syria.



"Russia has a slight get-out-of-jail-for-free card, in that it hasn't lost any actual lives here, but it is insisting that its plane didn't cross into Turkish airspace," said CNN's Nick Paton Walsh

"They have tried in the past to have meetings in Ankara and Istanbul between Turkish and Russian officials to make sure misunderstandings didn't happen, and it's clearly failed," Walsh said.

This incident has the potential to be extraordinarily damaging, but Russia is unlikely to want to start a major conflict with Turkey, a NATO member, over an incident like this -- that could technically be blamed on this jet straying, according to Turkish officials, into the wrong territory -- Paton Walsh said.

Turkey shot down Syrian fighter previously

In March 2014, Turkey shot down a Syrian fighter jet after the warplane strayed into its airspace, according to then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Erdogan is now the country's president.

"Our F-16s went up in the air and shot that plane down. Why? Because if you violate my airspace, then from now on, our slap will be hard," Erdogan told supporters at a campaign rally in 2014.

But state-run media in Syria called it an act of "blatant aggression" and said the downed plane was over northern Syria at the time.
161
Paris Attacks Kill More Than 100, Police Say; Border Controls Tightened
from The New York Time

The Paris area reeled Friday night from a shooting rampage, explosions and mass hostage-taking that President François Hollande called an unprecedented terrorist attack on France. He announced sharply increased border controls and mobilized the military in a national emergency.

French television and news services quoted the police as saying around 100 people had been killed at a concert venue where hostages had been taken in a two-hour standoff with the police, and perhaps many more killed in apparently coordinated attacks outside the country’s main sports stadium and at least five other popular locations in the city. But estimates on the total number of dead varied widely in the confusion.

Witnesses on French television said the scene at the concert hall, which can seat as many as 1,500 people, was a massacre. Ambulances were seen racing back and forth in the area into the early hours of Saturday morning.

The casualties eclipsed the deaths and mayhem that roiled Paris in the Charlie Hebdo massacre and related assaults around the French capital by Islamic militant extremists less than a year ago.

An explosion near the sports stadium, which French news services said may have been a suicide bombing, came as Germany and France were playing a soccer match, forcing a hasty evacuation of Mr. Hollande. As the scope of the assaults quickly became clear, he convened an emergency cabinet meeting and announced that France was placing severe restrictions on its border crossings.

“As I speak, terrorist attacks of an unprecedented scale are taking place in the Paris region,” he said in a nationally televised address. “There are several dozen dead, lots more wounded, it’s horrific.”

Mr. Hollande said that on his orders the government had “mobilized all the forces we can muster to neutralize the threats and secure all of the areas.”

President Obama in Washington came to the White House Briefing room to express solidarity and offer aid and condolences. “Once again, we’ve seen an outrageous attempt to terrorize innocent civilians,” he said. “This is an attack not just on Paris, it’s an attack not just on the people of France, but this is an attack on all of humanity and the universal values that we share.”

There was no immediate claim of responsibility, but Twitter erupted with celebratory messages by members and sympathizers of the Islamic State, the extremist group based in Syria and Iraq that is under assault by major powers including the United States, France and Russia.

The main shooting appeared to have broken out at a popular music venue, The Bataclan, where the American band Eagles of Death Metal was among those playing, and French news services said as many as 100 hostages may have been taken there â€" many of whom apparently were killed later. Some accounts said grenades had been lobbed inside the music hall.

A witness quoted by BFM television said he heard rounds of automatic rifle fire and someone shouting “Allahu akbar!” at The Bataclan.

Another witness who escaped the concert hall told BFM: “When they started shooting we just saw flashes. People got down on the ground right away.”

The police ordered bystanders in the that area to get off the streets as officers mobilized, French television reported.

Other French news media reported that Kalashnikov rifles had been involved in the shootings â€" a favored weapon of militants who have attacked targets in France â€" and that many rounds had been fired.

Police sirens sounded throughout central Paris on Friday night.
162
Instagram testing next-gen ads leveraging Apple's 3D Touch, Apple Pay
from Apple Insider

In the case of 3D Touch, people browsing an ad in their feed might be able to use it to switch among multiple product options, Digiday said, citing an anonymous ad agency executive. Apple Pay would allow people to buy products almost instantly.

Other ideas under consideration are said to be things like selling restaurant menu items directly from users' feeds, without the need to switch apps.

Facebook is believed to be concerned that it doesn't get enough credit for driving shoppers to make purchases. By letting people make direct purchases in Instagram, it could potentially draw in more advertisers.

Developers are largely only beginning to explore 3D Touch, which arrived with the iPhone 6s and 6s Plus in September. Although a number of apps have already been updated to support the technology, many of them only make use of homescreen shortcuts, or one or two in-app commands.
163
Activision Blizzard Goes Hollywood
from Fortune

Disney veteran Nick van Dyk, now co-president of Activision Blizzard Studios, explains the power of video game across all media.

On the heels of its plan to acquire Candy Crush maker King Digital Studios for $5.9 billion, Activision Blizzard has gone Hollywood. The game publisher has launched Activision Blizzard Studios, which will oversee development of television and film projects based on the company’s key franchises.

Production is already underway for the first TV series, Skylanders Academy, which is based on the $3 billion toys-to-life video game franchise that has sold over 250 million action figures since 2011. Showrunner Eric Rogers (“Futurama”) is spearheading the animated series, which features the voice talent of Justin Long as Spyro, Ashley Tisdale as Stealth Elf, Jonathan Banks as Eruptor, and Norm Macdonald as Glumshanks.

Activision Blizzard Studios co-president Nick van Dyk says the approach is to make great entertainment, rather than trying to make an ad for a game.

“We’re really focused on making fantastic standalone, quality content that can help broaden the appeal of this franchise,” van Dyk says. “I want to make something that my 13-year-old daughter finds funny and my 7-year-old finds entertaining, and that I can enjoy and laugh along with them.”

Activision Blizzard Studios envisions a series of Call of Duty feature films, as well as the possibility of television adaptations. The company launched Treyarch’s Call of Duty: Black Ops 3 today. The current structure has three separate game studios working on three unique sub-brands under Call of Duty, which opens up a lot of material to explore through linear entertainment. The original Call of Duty games were set during World War II and the franchise spans the Cold War to Vietnam to modern warfare to futuristic combat scenarios based on science fact.

The last five Call of Duty games have each earned over $1 billion in revenues, but they’ve also retained huge online audiences and supported an entire eSports infrastructure that will be expanding in 2016 with Black Ops 3.

“The Call of Duty IP is much greater than the core IP of Marvel,” van Dyk says. “Our players spent 14 billion hours last year of playing and viewing our content. To put that in perspective, that’s more time spent watching every movie released last year in every movie theater in the world. That’s why we’re pretty excited to address this demand.”

Van Dyk serves as co-president of Activision Blizzard Studios with a second co-president to be named later. Van Dyk spent nine years at Disney where, as senior vice president of corporate strategy, he helped drive Disney’s focus on franchise intellectual property and played a significant role in the acquisitions of Pixar, Marvel, and Lucasfilm.

“The amount of time invested in our games is a different medium than a comic book,” van Dyk says. “People in this space are playing over a thousand hours a year of video games relative to the two hours they spend on a Spider-Man comic book. It’s a different level of immersion and engagement. Comic books are a nearly $1 billion industry, which is dwarfed by the revenues the games business brings in. Movie studios plan theatrical releases so they don’t coincide with big game releases like Call of Duty.”

Van Dyk says Activision Blizzard Studios will keep its options open when it comes to distribution and financing for movies and TV shows.

“I’ve had so many inquiries from traditional studios lined up to partner with us, as well as new media and distribution companies since this morning,” Van Dyk says. “We’re going to maintain all of our creative from development through production, which allows us to reap the benefits of our awareness of this audience and the synergies that these projects bring across media.”

P.J. McNealy, CEO of Digital World Research, says Activision Blizzard Studios is the natural progression for any company with established games, characters, and storylines. And Activision has a strong collection of properties spanning 30 years that includes Diablo, world of Warcraft Guitar Hero, Hearthstone, Heroes of Warcraft, StarCraft, Overwatch, and now Candy Crush.

“You either partner with someone or build your own,” McNealy says. “During this transition Activision is building up its future business lines with the mobile division and eSports division, and long-form and short-form video is the next leg of the stool as they build their digital empire.”

Joost van Dreunen, CEO of SuperData Research, says by vertically integrating, Activision will on the short-term reduce the cost of movie production and development.

“Considering the strengths of its various franchises, it makes sense to expand the scope beyond interactive entertainment and also leverage traditional media as part of a larger marketing effort,” van Dreunen says. “Arguably, this will allow Activision to follow the example of Pokémon, which so far has released 18 full-length feature films. It will diversify Activision’s product mix, provide additional revenue, and mitigate risk.”

Michael Pachter, managing director of equity research at Wedbush Securities, believes there are plenty of opportunity for TV and movie tie-ins, as well as complementary opportunities for eSports and for King.

“Investors will like this if the initial investment is small and the risk is minimal,” Pachter says.

McNealy says Activision traditionally isn’t the first to market with new things.

“They look to see if a platform develops before jumping in, which you saw with King,” McNealy says.

With the launch of Ubisoft Films in 2011, an internal division of Ubisoft overseeing the Rabbids animated TV series and an Assassin’s Creed feature film starring Michael Fassbender; analysts believe this Activision transition is part of a bigger evolution going on within the video game industry.

In the past decade, interactive entertainment has shifted from a product-based business to games-as-a-service. Van Dreunen believes that in the long run, the major game publishers will eventually change into and adhere to the practices of media firms.

“This will make things more transparent for investors and, hopefully, reduce some of the volatility that characterizes the games industry,” van Dreunen says. “Games are growing up, and it’s changing the business.”

Peter Warman, CEO of Newzoo, believes that as games evolve into true cross-screen and transmedia franchises, more movie and TV content will appear that is directly or indirectly linked to games. The biggest drivers behind this are consumers that stream live game content and create videos or animation series that are fun to watch.

“For the coming decade we foresee a broader set of touch-points with consumers: people no longer just play games, but also share them, watch others play them, modify them, and compete in them,” van Dreunen says. “By investing in TV, film, and eSports today, Activision seeks to capture this momentum early.”
164
Moscow Needs An Exit Strategy for Its Syrian Quagmire
from The Huffington Post

Russia, on the surface, appears strong and triumphant in diplomatic meetings and its military adventures in Syria. Russian President Vladimir Putin seems confident about his ability to impose one fait accompli after the other on all sides. Putin is leading the war on ISIS and what he deems to be the Sunni terrorist threat to Russia, seeing as the Muslim minority in Russia is Sunni and the five Muslim republics surrounding Russia are also Sunni.

The Vienna talks on the Syrian crisis convened at Russia's invitation, and secured some breakthroughs after inviting Iran to the international negotiations on the future of Syria with Saudi approval and participation for the first time. While Libya signified NATO and the GCC's humiliation of Russia with blessing from the Arab League, Syria will be the place for Russia's revenge and return to the Middle East, as well as the place where Russia will move to secure its position in reconfigured the regional and international order.

But Vladimir Putin's bid entails a lot of adventurism. The Russian leader may feel overconfident as he obtains important concessions from the Gulf nations and Turkey, having had already guaranteed implicit US consent to his Syrian policy. Putin might be reassured by what he has offered to Saudi Arabia, by refraining from obstructing and criticizing the Arab coalition fighting the war in Yemen. However, Putin will not be able to fight the war on ISIS and so-called Sunni terrorism by allying with the Iran-backed Shiite militias, including terrorist ones.
Indeed, by doing so, he is provoking the Sunni partners he needs to crush ISIS and other Sunni terrorist groups.

Secondly, Putin is making a great gamble by making Russia spearhead the fight on ISIS and similar groups, which are likely to retaliate against Russian interests. The Russian plane that crashed over the Sinai after taking off from Sharm al-Sheikh could have been swift revenge from ISIS for what is taking place in Syria - if it is true that the radical group managed to plant explosives on the plane.

The achievements of the expanded Vienna meeting, which was attended by both Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir and Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif are significant. However, the Vienna process remains fragile because it has diluted the principles endorsed by the Geneva communique, including the establishment of a transitional governing body in Syria with full executive powers.

Initially, Saudi-Iranian relations did not record a breakthrough in Vienna, save for the fact that the two foreign ministers sat at the same table for nearly nine hours and neither withdrew despite their sharp differences. This is in and of itself important given the accusations the two ministers exchanged and the extent of distrust between their two countries.

According to sources, the climate was very tense at the meeting. The gaps remain wide and the disputes do not only focus on Syria, but also involve conflicts in other Arab countries. The two sides have accused each other of sponsoring terrorism in the Middle East and beyond, and Zarif has even alluded to Saudi Arabia's alleged role in the terrorist attacks of 9/11 on US soil.

Moscow has achieved for the United States and the UN what they could never achieve despite numerous attempts, by convincing Tehran to sit at the negotiating table for the future of Syria. Riyadh agreed after initial reluctance, because Moscow has made a tradeoff between Syria and Yemen.

Russian sources said that in return for Saudi concessions on Syria, including agreeing to Iranian participation in the talks, Moscow has offered what may be described as the Chinese approach to tough conflicts: Non-interference, non-objection, non-obstruction and non-facilitation with regard to the Saudi-led Arab coalition's actions in Yemen. According to sources in the Security Council, this development has been obvious in the Russian positions during the council's meetings, where Moscow has replaced obstruction with non-interference.

Moscow did not promise to deliver Iranian cooperation in Yemen, because it is unable to rein in Iran in Yemen. However, Moscow is able to clarify that it does not support the Iranian role in Yemen, and can do a lot to facilitate the mission of the UN Envoy for Yemen Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, and it seems to have done exactly this. During the Manama summit, Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir said that while the Iranian role in Yemen did no change, the Russian role was positive as is the US role.

Clearly, Saudi Arabia is prepared to implement the Yemen exit strategy through the UN-sponsored diplomatic process, welcomed by Moscow and Washington. Even Tehran is probably willing to trade the Yemeni card for the Syrian card, though this is still being sorted.

One reason is that Tehran is ultimately subject to the conditions of its agreement with the international community on the nuclear issue and the lifting of the sanctions imposed on Iran. Tehran is in a critical period, because rehabilitating it and lifting the sanctions is now contingent upon it proving its good faith in the region, and not just by fulfilling its nuclear obligations. So, while being present at the Syria negotiations has secured gains for Iran, it has also placed it under a microscope.

Iran achieved other things at Vienna. The Vienna statement issued after last week's meeting made it clear that what Tehran practically won was the dilution of the Geneva communique. The Vienna statement did not mention any mechanism for transition of power from Bashar al-Assad to a transitional governing body with full executive powers.

The Vienna statement also assigned the top priority for fighting terrorism at the expense of the transitional process, which is the foundation of the Geneva communique. This was another achievement for Iranian and Russian positions.

The difference between the Russian position and the Iranian position concerns the extent of commitment to Assad in power. Moscow is willing to relinquish Assad eventually, but Tehran is clinging to Assad because he is the center of gravity of its influence in Syria. Moscow is willing to abandon Assad as part of an equation to reconfigure the regime in Damascus, while Tehran considers him the linchpin of its interests in Syria.

The difference, practically speaking, is minute. Both powers believe the transfer of power from the regime and the president requires holding elections that are impossible in the current circumstances in Syria, unless they mean a referendum on keeping the regime and the president in power.

The main differences between the poles of the Vienna process involve the fate of Assad. Saudi Arabia insists on Assad eventually leaving, willingly or by force. Russia does not adhere to guarantees or a timetable, and is lobbying for elections, which are rejected by the other side because of their impossibility. However, Russia has hinted that it is not married to Assad but to the regime, so to speak, and therefore is working on shoring up the regime as an indispensable party to the war on terror.

The second difference, as Jubeir explained in Manama, is over the timing of the withdrawal of foreign forces, especially Iranians, from Syria. Russia declares that it does not have reservations in principle, but the issue will depend on the course of military operations and achievements against ISIS and other groups Russia designates as terrorist groups. For its part, Iran does not publicly acknowledge that it has military presence in Syria, as it is fully aware this would be in violation of UN Security Council resolutions. Iran understands the US can play that important card as those resolutions were adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.

The third difference is over the definition of terrorist groups and opposition groups in Syria. Russia has lists containing both. The United States has avoided this game. The Syrian opposition is victim of both and victim of itself at once. The Gulf nations speak of terrorist groups run by Tehran, meanwhile, and call for them to be included on the lists of terrorist groups operating in Syria.

Now, one item that has imposed itself on the agenda of the next round of the Vienna talks, and on Russian strategy in Syria, will be the alleged bombing of the Russian passenger jet over Sinai. This will impose on Russia a thorough rethink of the consequences of spearheading the war on "Sunni terrorism" worldwide, and not just in the Middle East, including the Russian homeland and its Muslim-majority neighbors among the former Soviet republics.

There are indications breakthroughs are possible if Moscow plays its cards well in Syria. It is correct to say that Moscow has stirred the stagnant waters by intervening in Syria, imposed fighting terrorism as a priority, and mobilized support for its initiatives on Syria. Russia also obtained serious concessions, and has been shrewd in making the tradeoff between Syria and Yemen.

However, Moscow must think beyond its tactical achievements. It has installed itself as the instrument and leader of the war on Sunni terrorism by allying with anyone offering their help. Russia needs a strategy to avoid becoming implicated in quagmires.
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Search ongoing for missing in Brazil mine disaster, death toll uncertain
from Reuters

Rescue teams searched through mud and debris on Friday for people still missing from a village devastated by the collapse of two dams at a Brazilian mine owned by the world's largest mining company, BHP Billiton.

While only one worker has been confirmed dead, the local governor said the mining disaster caused the most environmental damage of any in the state's history. It could cost the mine's owners a fortune to clean up and repair.

Walls of water filled with mining waste cascaded downhill when the dams burst on Thursday, engulfing the village of Bento Rodrigues and its 600 residents in a sea of mud while also flooding others far removed from the open-pit mine.

Little remains of the village but ruined walls and cars lying twisted in sludge. Search helicopters buzzed overhead as rescuers tried to save a horse trapped in the mud.

"I heard screaming and saw the water coming fast, about 15 to 20 meters high (49-66 feet)," said survivor Antonio Santos, a construction worker who was at home when the dams broke. Bento Rodrigues is about 93 miles (150 km) southeast of Belo Horizonte, Brazil's third-largest city and the capital of the mining state of Minas Gerais.

"Within 10 minutes the whole lower part of the village was destroyed, about 80 percent of it," he said in a gymnasium crowded with survivors in the nearby city of Mariana.

Santos said he knew of four people who were swept away, including two children and two adults in their 50s.

Mine operator Samarco's chief executive officer said a tremor in the vicinity of the mine may have caused the dams to burst, but that it was too early to establish the exact cause. The company said one worker died and 13 were missing.

Firefighters initially put the death toll at two but later said they could not immediately confirm more than one fatality connected to the mine disaster.

They said the count could rise because many people were still unaccounted for in six villages hit by floods unleashed by the successive bursting of the two dams holding waste, or iron ore tailings, from the mine.

Samarco is a 50-50 venture between BHP Billiton (BHP.AX)(BHP.N)(BLT.L) and Brazil's Vale (VALE5.SA)(VALE.N), the world's largest iron ore miner. The company said it had set no date to restart the mine, which produces about 30 million tons of iron ore annually. Output is shipped to Brazil's coast and converted into pellets for export to steel mills.

The cleanup bill and potential environmental lawsuits could be more costly than the loss of output and come at a bad time for BHP Billiton and Vale, with iron ore prices at their lowest in a decade and one quarter of their 2011 level.

A lawyer specializing in environmental and mining cases said it was too early to estimate the financial setback for the mining companies, since the cause of the disaster was still unknown.

"It impossible to calculate now, but it is not going to be cheap," said Danilo Miranda, of the Marcelo Tostes law firm.

The head of the local miners union, Ronaldo Bento, said it was too early to say whether the company had been negligent.

Shares of Vale closed down 5.7 percent in Sao Paulo trading and BHP Billiton also dropped 5.7 percent in New York.

A Minas Gerais state prosecutor in charge of environmental crimes, Carlos Ferreira Pinto, said he would seek a temporary suspension of Samarco's license on Monday.

Samarco CEO Ricardo Vescovi said the company had been working on the drainage system for the dams. But both had valid licenses from environmental authorities, who last inspected them in July, according to Samarco.

The University of Sao Paulo's seismic centre reported four weak tremors in the general area of the mine in the hour before the disaster. But Vescovi said there had been no sign of any breach in the dams immediately after the tremors occurred.

Analysts at Clarksons Platou Securities said the likelihood of a lengthy stoppage at the Samarco mine, which accounts for about one-fifth of seaborne pellet market, could lift iron ore prices. Prices were not immediately affected, however, and continued to fall on Friday.

Pellet prices .IO62-CNI=SI have plunged by one-third this year to their lowest in six years amid a global glut and waning Chinese demand.

So-called tailings ponds, masses of finely ground waste rock mixed with water left over from extracting more valuable minerals, can contain harmful chemicals, adding to fears of potential contamination from the Samarco dam bursts.

The company sought to play down those fears, saying there were no chemical elements that posed health risks when the accident occurred.

It was the second major tailings dam disaster in Minas Gerais in 12 years. In 2003, 1.2 billion liters of waste from a tailings dam at a closed cellulose mill broke, flooding local rivers, cutting off fresh water to more than 600,000 people, and killing fish all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.
166
Citing Climate Change, Obama Rejects Construction of Keystone XL Oil Pipeline
from The New York Times

President Obama announced on Friday that he had rejected the request from a Canadian company to build the Keystone XL oil pipeline, ending a seven-year review that had become a symbol of the debate over his climate policies.

Mr. Obama’s denial of the proposed 1,179-mile pipeline, which would have carried 800,000 barrels a day of carbon-heavy petroleum from the Canadian oil sands to the Gulf Coast, comes as he seeks to build an ambitious legacy on climate change.

“America is now a global leader when it comes to taking serious action to fight climate change,” Mr. Obama said in remarks from the White House. “And, frankly, approving this project would have undercut that global leadership.”

The move was made ahead of a major United Nations summit meeting on climate change to be held in Paris in December, when Mr. Obama hopes to help broker a historic agreement committing the world’s nations to enacting new policies to counter global warming. While the rejection of the pipeline is largely symbolic, Mr. Obama has sought to telegraph to other world leaders that the United States is serious about acting on climate change.

The once-obscure Keystone project became a political symbol amid broader clashes over energy, climate change and the economy. The rejection of a single oil infrastructure project will have little impact on efforts to reduce greenhouse gas pollution, but the pipeline plan gained an outsize profile after environmental activists spent four years marching and rallying against it in front of the White House and across the country.

Mr. Obama said that the pipeline has occupied what he called “an overinflated role in our political discourse.”

“It has become a symbol too often used as a campaign cudgel by both parties rather than a serious policy matter,” he said. “And all of this obscured the fact that this pipeline would neither be a silver bullet for the economy, as was promised by some, nor the express lane to climate disaster proclaimed by others.”

Republicans and the oil industry had demanded that the president approve the pipeline, which they said would create jobs and stimulate economic growth. Many Democrats, particularly those in oil-producing states such as North Dakota, also supported the project. In February, congressional Democrats joined with Republicans in sending Mr. Obama a bill to speed approval of the project, but the president vetoed the measure.

The rejection of the pipeline is one of several actions Mr. Obama has taken as he intensifies his push on climate change in his last year in office. In August, he announced his most significant climate policy, a set of aggressive new regulations to cut emissions of planet-warming carbon pollution from the nation’s power plants.

Both sides of the debate saw the Keystone rejection as a major symbolic step, a sign that the president was willing to risk angering a bipartisan majority of lawmakers in the pursuit of his environmental agenda. And both supporters and critics of Mr. Obama saw the surprisingly powerful influence of environmental activists in the decision.

“Once the grass-roots movement on the Keystone pipeline mobilized, it changed what it meant to the president,” said Douglas G. Brinkley, a historian at Rice University who writes about presidential environmental legacies. “It went from a routine infrastructure project to the symbol of an era.”

Environmental activists cheered the decision as a vindication of their influence.

“President Obama is the first world leader to reject a project because of its effect on the climate,” said Bill McKibben, founder of the activist group 350.org, which led the campaign against the pipeline. “That gives him new stature as an environmental leader, and it eloquently confirms the five years and millions of hours of work that people of every kind put into this fight.”

Environmentalists had sought to block construction of the pipeline because it would have provided a conduit for petroleum extracted from the Canadian oil sands. The process of extracting that oil produces about 17 percent more planet-warming greenhouse gases than the process of extracting conventional oil.

But numerous State Department reviews concluded that construction of the pipeline would have little impact on whether that type of oil was burned, because it was already being extracted and moving to market via rail and existing pipelines. In citing his reason for the decision, Mr. Obama noted the State Department findings that construction of the pipeline would not have created a significant number of new jobs, lowered oil or gasoline prices or significantly reduced American dependence on foreign oil.

“From a market perspective, the industry can find a different way to move that oil,” said Christine Tezak, an energy market analyst at ClearView Energy Partners, a Washington firm. “How long it takes is just a result of oil prices. If prices go up, companies will get the oil out.”

However, a State Department review also found that demand for the oil sands fuel would drop if oil prices fell below $65 a barrel, since moving oil by rail is more expensive than using a pipeline. An Environmental Protection Agency review of the project this year noted that under such circumstances, construction of the pipeline could be seen as contributing to emissions, since companies might be less likely to move the oil via expensive rail when oil prices are low â€" but would be more likely to move it cheaply via the pipeline. The price of oil has plummeted this year, hovering at less than $50 a barrel.

The recent election of a new Canadian prime minister, Justin Trudeau, may also have influenced Mr. Obama’s decision. Mr. Trudeau’s predecessor, Stephen Harper, had pushed the issue as a top priority in the relationship between the United States and Canada, personally urging Mr. Obama to approve the project. Blocking the project during the Harper administration would have bruised ties with a crucial ally.

While Mr. Trudeau also supports construction of the Keystone pipeline, he has not made the issue central to Canada’s relationship with the United States, and has criticized Mr. Harper for presenting Canada’s position as an ultimatum, while not taking substantial action on climate change related to the oil sands.

Mr. Trudeau did not raise the issue during his first post-election conversation with Mr. Obama.

The construction would have had little impact on the nation’s economy. A State Department analysis concluded that building the pipeline would have created jobs, but the total number represented less than one-tenth of 1 percent of the nation’s total employment. The analysis estimated that Keystone would support 42,000 temporary jobs over its two-year construction period â€" about 3,900 of them in construction and the rest in indirect support jobs, such as food service. The department estimated that the project would create about 35 permanent jobs.

Republicans and the oil industry criticized Mr. Obama for what they have long said was his acquiescence to the pressure of activists and environmentally minded political donors.

“A decision this poorly made is not symbolic, but deeply cynical,” said Senator Lisa Murkowski, the Alaska Republican who leads the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. “It does not rest on the facts â€" it continues to distort them.”

Jack Gerard, the head of the American Petroleum Institute, which lobbies for oil companies, said in a statement, “Unfortunately for the majority of Americans who have said they want the jobs and economic benefits Keystone XL represents, the White House has placed political calculations above sound science.”

Russ Girling, the president and chief executive of TransCanada, said in a statement that the president’s decision was not consistent with the State Department’s review. “Today, misplaced symbolism was chosen over merit and science,” said Mr. Girling, whose company is based in Calgary, Alberta. “Rhetoric won out over reason.”

The statement said that the company was reviewing the decision but offered no indication if it planned to submit a new application. If a Republican wins the 2016 presidential election, a new submission of the pipeline permit application could yield a different outcome.

“President Obama’s rejection of the Keystone XL pipeline is a huge mistake, and is the latest reminder that this administration continues to prioritize the demands of radical environmentalists over America’s energy security,” said Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who is seeking the Republican nomination for president. “When I’m president, Keystone will be approved, and President Obama’s backward energy policies will come to an end.”

As Mr. Obama seeks to carve out a substantial environmental legacy, his decision on the pipeline pales in import compared with his use of Environmental Protection Agency regulations. The power plant rules he announced in August have met with legal challenges, but if they are put in place, they could lead to a transformation of the nation’s energy economy, shuttering fossil fuel plants and rapidly increasing production of wind and solar.

Those rules are at the heart of Mr. Obama’s push for a global agreement.

But advocates of the agreement said that the Keystone decision, even though it is largely symbolic, could show other countries that Mr. Obama is willing to make tough choices about climate change.

“The rejection of the Keystone permit was key for the president to keep his climate chops at home and with the rest of the world,” said Durwood Zaelke, the president of the Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development, a Washington research organization.
167
Thanksgiving air travel to be highest in 8 years as fares keep falling
from the Chicago Tribune

Thanksgiving air travel in the U.S. is expected to rise 3 percent this year with 25.3 million people hopping planes, the most crowded the skies have been since the Great Recession. The good news for travelers is that airfares have been on a distinct decline since summer, according to a forecast released Thursday by industry group Airlines for America.

O'Hare International, a popular connecting airport, will be among the busiest in the nation, ranking third behind Atlanta and Los Angeles.

The increase in passengers nationwide during the 12-day Thanksgiving travel period from Friday, Nov. 20, through Tuesday, Dec. 1, amounts to an average of more than 60,000 additional passengers per day.

"To accommodate the increase, airlines have boosted schedules and seat availability, largely through bigger planes and additional flights," said airline group spokeswoman Jean Medina.

The busiest travel days in ranked order are expected to be Sunday, Nov. 29; Monday, Nov. 30; and Wednesday, Nov. 25. The lightest travel days will be Thanksgiving, Nov. 26, and Friday, Nov. 27.

Domestic fares declined in seven of the first nine months of the year most dramatically since May, the airline group reported. In August, for example, fares were 6.8 percent lower than the same month the year before. Fares in September were down 5.6 percent year over year.

Despite declining fares, airlines remain profitable, with an average profit margin of 15.6 percent, thanks to relatively full planes â€" aircraft are at 84 percent on average â€" and lower fuel prices, down 37.1 percent year over year so far in 2015.

The industry group says airlines are funneling some of their profits into buying new planes and upgrading service. Capital expenditures for the first nine months of 2015 totaled $12 billion, the highest rate of investment in at least 15 years, the group reported.
168
Bitcoin is surging. Here's one reason why
from USA Today

Digital currency bitcoin broke the $400 mark for the first time this year on Tuesday â€" and Wall Street is already betting it will go higher.

Brokerage firm Wedbush Securities said it sees the cyber coin costing $600 per bitcoin in the next 12 month, citing growing interest by large financial institutions in bitcoin's underlying technology, known as blockchain.

Bitcoin, which has been used to buy everything from cars to computers to illicit drugs, traded at $404.50 per bitcoin Thursday afternoon, according to bitcoin data tracker Coindesk. On Tuesday, the digital currency broke the $400 mark for the first time since last November, up more than 50% from January.

It's been a rocky road for bitcoin enthusiasts, who watched the cyber money rise to close to $1,000 per bitcoin in late 2013 before the world's largest bitcoin exchange, Mt. Gox, collapsed in 2014.

Mt. Gox's collapse pummeled bitcoin's reputation, and it was blasted the worst investment of 2014 after falling a whopping 58% from the start of the year.

This year, bitcoin prices declined even further, dropping to as low of $177 per bitcoin in January, according to data from Coindesk.

But bitcoin appears to be regaining momentum once again â€" jumping to as high as $485 per bitcoin Wednesday â€" amid signs of growing interest in its transaction technology, known as blockchain.

On Tuesday, Magister Advisors, which advises on tech mergers, said the world's top 100 financial institutions are projected to spend an estimated $1 billion on blockchain-related projects over the next 24 months. The U.K.-based firm also said it sees bitcoin becoming the 6th largest global reserve currency within 15 years.

The currency is also being boosted by European Union's move in October to define bitcoin as a currency rather than a commodity for tax purposes.

But Wedbush suggested future bitcoin gains will be pegged to investments by Wall Street firms, such as Goldman Sachs and the New York Stock Exchange, which have said they are looking at blockchain technology as a way to help them conduct financial transactions safely and cheaply.

"We believe bitcoin and its associated blockchain technology have the potential to disrupt the existing financial infrastructure over the next several years,"Wedbush said in a report issued Wednesday that set a $600 price target for bitcoin.

And while the blockchain ledger system can be used separately from bitcoin, Wedbush sees interest in blockchain boosting bitcoin as well.

"We believe there may be some applications that narrowly use a distributed ledger without a valuable native token, but those will end up being a small part of the solutions," Wedbush analysts wrote.
169
Apple's Superpower Continues To Dominate Android
from Forbes

Apple’s latest figures show that sixty-six percent of devices compatible with iOS 9 are running the latest major version of the software. Once more Apple has shown its superpower in the ability to keep its mobile platform fresh, while Google’s Android OS continues to be hampered by strategic decisions made many years ago.

The iOS numbers are “as measured by the App Store on November 2, 2015″ which leaves Apple some wiggle room in terms of measurement. It stands opposite the tighter definition of Android versions used by Google for its Android developer dashboard (“This data reflects devices running the latest Google Play Store app, which is compatible with Android 2.2 and higher. Each snapshot of data represents all the devices that visited the Google Play Store in the prior 7 days”).

Independent analysis from Mixpanel shows that iOS 9 adoption is closer to seventy-five percent. Mixpanel’s numbers come from data collected by the analytics it provides to developers to understand engagement in their applications. As part of this process Mixpanel can do top-down analysis on this data, in this case looking at the installed iOS 9 base.

No matter where you take the numbers, the broad consensus is a simple one. The speed of adoption of iOS 9 is huge. After seven weeks the uptake on the latest vision of Apple’s mobile platform dominates its marketplace. Stacked up against the slow update of Lollipop (just twenty-three and a half percent nearly a year after its release), Android’s inability to offer timely updates to the firmware or patch newly visible security issues is becoming more visible to the public.

As more vulnerabilities and issues are found in both mobile operating systems, it is Apple that retains the ability to quickly deal with issues through an OS update. Google can patch up some areas, notably in any single application or issue in the Google Play services code, but anything lower in the stack that requires an over-the-air update is going to be caught up in the politics of the Android ecosystem and the uneasy relationship between consumers, carriers, manufacturers and Google.

While Google can control the updates rolling out to the Nexus devices and manufacturers using the Android One program, its hands are tied in respect to manufacturers such as HTC and Samsung. While other software vendors in the past have been able to deal with updates at scale over multiple vendors and SKUs (notably the patches supplied by Microsoft over the years for Windows), Google instead offered more autonomy to manufacturers over the software to grow market share quickly.

The problems Android s now going through in the inability to roll out changes stem from that initial decision to speed up the rollout of the software. There’s no doubt that Android has won the market share battle, but with record sales of iOS handsets, ninety-two percent of smartphone profits flowing to Apple and Android flagship sales dropping, it seems that the pursuit of market share is a hollow victory.
170
Facebook Hits 8 Billion Daily Video Views, Doubling From 4 Billion In April
from TechCrunch

Facebook video viewership is growing by leaps and bounds. It now sees 8 billion average daily video views from 500 million users. That’s up from just 4 billion video views per day in April. Mark Zuckerberg made the announcement on the call to investors following Facebook’s blockbuster Q3 2015 earnings report.

Some might contend that this stat isn’t totally accurate since Facebook counts just 3 seconds of watching as a “view”. But the 100% growth in seven months shows that even when controlling for this limitation of the metric, users are still voraciously consuming videos.

Even at just 3 seconds per view, Facebook is generating 760 years of watch time each day. That means there’s a ton of space for Facebook to lure in TV commercial dollars that are shifting to digital. It also has an opportunity to grow viewership further with an ongoing test where it pays a revenue share to top video creators.

The new stat explains why Facebook is running a ton of experiments on how it can get users to watch more videos after the discover one. It’s testing a Suggested Video interface on web and mobile the recommends additional clips to watch based on all the information Facebook knows about people. It’s this personal data that could give Facebook an edge in discovery as it competes with YouTube.

Facebook is also testing a dedicated video feed where people can browse different channels of videos shared by friends, trending on Facebook, and other themes. The team told me they could imagine this interface one day allowing users to have a lean-back Facebook video watching experience on smart TVs.

Other tests include picture-in-picture viewing so users can keep watching a video while they browse the News Feed, and more prominent option to Save a video to watch later.

Meanwhile, Facebook is trying to solve a big problem around Freebooting, or people stealing and sharing other creators’ videos. Right now, it’s building its own in-house intellectual property tool that will let creators block or potentially monetize copies of their videos uploaded by others.

If it can get IP sorted out, it could court more top video creators to the new revenue share program Facebook is testing, which it talked about last month. Mark Zuckerberg explained on today’s earnings call that “There’s a certain class of content which is only going to come onto Facebook if there’s a good way to compensate the content owners…we’ve recently rolled out the business model for this.”

Essentially, Facebook is showing premium videos from a limited test group of top creators in its Suggested Videos reel. If those videos gets users to sit through more video ads, Facebook will pay out a percentage of that ad revenue to the creators.

Video is critical for the future of both Facebook’s mission and business.

The company aims to connect users and help them share what they care about. Video is becoming the top way to share. That’s in part because the vivid format is aided by the proliferation of mobile phones with powerful video cameras, expansion of storage on these phones and computers, and faster mobile networks to upload and watch these videos. Facebook thrived by embracing photos back around 2005, and now it wants to ride the video wave.

And in terms of revenue, video ads command the highest rates. They leave such a strong impression that advertisers are willing to pay Facebook top dollar. If Facebook just jammed these videos into the feed, users would be pissed. But by growing organic video viewership, Facebook is able to subtly insert ads without ruffling too many feathers.

COO Sheryl Sandberg today said that 1.5 million small and medium-sized businesses shared videos in September. Some likely paid to turn those videos into ads to get more views. And considering average ad revenue per user in the US shot up 50% this year, the video ad strategy is working.

In the end, Facebook wins if it can become a destination to watch video or just a place people get sucked in to watch. That will let Facebook defend against other video-focused platforms hoping to steal attention while also earning more money to fund its future gambits like the successor to video â€" virtual reality.
171
Mexico’s Marijuana Ruling Shakes Up Drug Policy
from TIME

A new court ruling could have big implications on the drug war

The pungent smell of marijuana smoke drifted through the air outside Mexico’s Supreme Court as legalization activists puffed and waited for judges to make their ruling. When it came, it sparked up cheers and more joints. Four out of five Supreme Court justices had voted in favor of a lawsuit by plaintiffs who argued that it was unconstitutional to stop them growing, possessing or consuming cannabis. The ruling only applies to the plaintiffs â€" four activists from a cannabis club called the Mexican Society for Responsible and Tolerant Personal Use, or SMART. But it sets a powerful precedent that could shake up drug laws in Mexico and across the region.

“As a country, we are taking a first step, a step that recognizes this important human right, which is dignity and liberty,” Fabian Aguinaco, a lawyer for SMART, told TIME. Aguinaco said that the precedent could lead to others making similar claims and eventually to an overturning of Mexico’s laws that prohibit drug use. “This is like when you make a hole in a well. All the water pours out. But we need to construct public policies to regulate [drug use] and also satisfy people’s liberty.”

Changing policy on narcotics has a particular significance in Mexico, which has suffered from one of the worst drug wars in world history. Cartels and the security forces fighting them killed more than 83,000 people between 2007 and 2014 according to a government count, with some independent analysts producing even higher casualty estimates. Mexico is also the biggest narcotics supplier to American users, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration. “The most significant drug trafficking organizations operating in the United States today are the dangerous and highly sophisticated Mexican transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) that continue to be the principal suppliers of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and marijuana,” the DEA’s acting head Chuck Rosenberg said in the a letter published Wednesday, alongside an annual national drug threat assessment report.

The latest Supreme Court ruling will not directly affect Mexico’s drug trafficking cartels because it only allows the plaintiffs to grow and possess marijuana for their personal use. However, shifting drug policy could alter the nature of the market in the long term, changing the way cartels do business. Following the votes to legalize marijuana in Washington State and Colorado in 2012, Mexican traffickers appeared to be smuggling less marijuana northward. The U.S. Border Patrol has been seizing steadily smaller quantities of the drug, from 2.5 million pounds in 2011 to 1.9 million pounds in 2014.

Some reformers, including former Mexican President Vicente Fox, have argued for a wider legalization of drugs to stop cartel violence. When the court decision was announced on Wednesday, activists outside broke into a chant of “mota si, guerra no,” or “weed, yes, war, no.” “This a positive step that has very wide implications,” said Sanho Tree, director of the Drug Policy Project at Washington’s Institute of Policy Studies. “There is a ripple effect of changing drug laws across the region. People are seeing that blanket drug prohibition has painful effects and doesn’t work.”

After former president Richard Nixon declared the “war on dugs” in 1971, Washington pressured Latin American nations to clamp down on opium, coca and marijuana crops with aerial spraying and military operations. The region largely continued with this prohibitionist approach into the 21st century.

However, adherence to an all-out drug war has shown growing cracks in recent years. In 2009, both Mexico and Argentina passed laws that decriminalized possession of small amounts of several drugs; the narcotics were still illegal but those found with the drugs would be sent to rehab centers, rather than fined or imprisoned. In 2013, Uruguay became the first country in the world to completely legalize marijuana. Several acting presidents, such as Colombia’s Juan Manuel Santos, have become keen drug policy reformers. “A comprehensive drug policy involves promoting a culture of legality that allows us to overcome the ‘anything goes,’ the cult of mafia and violence that has stimulated drug trafficking in many countries,” Santos said in May.

Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto has adopted a more conservative approach. “Personally, I’m against legalization; I don’t think it’s the
route,” Pena Nieto told TIME in 2012, shortly before assuming the presidency. “But I am in favor of a hemispheric debate on the effectiveness of the drug-war route we’re on now.” In the run up to the Supreme Court vote, his secretaries of both education and health argued against marijuana legalization, but said they would respect the court’s decision.

The four Mexican judges voting in favor of the ruling argued that the case was a question of individual liberties, and made little mention of the narco-related bloodshed on Mexican streets. “The absolute prohibition is excessive and does not protect the rights of health,” Justice Olga Sanchez said. “Consumption for recreational purposes should be authorized to respect personal liberties.”

As well as clashing with the Mexican federal government, the court’s decision goes against U.N. drug treaties, which require signatory countries to crack down on marijuana and other substances. However, the U.N. has already turned a blind eye on the U.S. states and Uruguay legalizing cannabis. Nations will also have a chance to rethink the U.N.’s drug policy at a special session in April.

The changing mood in the U.N. toward away from prohibition was shown last month by a leaked document from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which called for countries to consider decriminalizing drugs for personal use. However, the UNODC refrained from backing the paper. “These bureaucracies die hard,” says Tree, of the Drug Policy Project. “The UNODC is having an existential a crisis. It is not going out quietly.”
172
Russian plane crash: U.S. intel suggests ISIS bomb brought down jet
from CNN

Days after authorities dismissed claims that ISIS brought down a Russian passenger jet, a U.S. intelligence analysis now suggests that the terror group or its affiliates planted a bomb on the plane.

British Foreign Minister Philip Hammond said his government believes there is a "significant possibility" that an explosive device caused the crash. And a Middle East source briefed on intelligence matters also said it appears likely someone placed a bomb aboard the aircraft.

Metrojet Flight 9268 crashed Saturday in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula after breaking apart in midair, killing all 224 people on board. It was en route to St. Petersburg from the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh.

The latest U.S. intelligence suggests that the plane crash was most likely caused by a bomb on the plane planted by ISIS or an affiliate, according to a U.S. official familiar with the matter.

"There is a definite feeling it was an explosive device planted in luggage or somewhere on the plane," the official said, stressing that no formal conclusion had been reached by the U.S. intelligence community.

The assessment was reached, the official said, by looking back at intelligence reports that had been gathered before Saturday's plane crash and intelligence gathered since then. The United States did not have credible or verified intelligence of a specific threat before the crash. However, the official said, "there had been additional activity in Sinai that had caught our attention."

Egyptian authorities haven't publicly responded to reports on U.S. intelligence. Since the crash, they've downplayed the possibility that terrorism could be involved.

Additional intelligence supports the theory that someone at the Sharm el-Sheikh airport helped get a bomb onto the plane, another U.S. official said.

"This airport has lax security. It is known for that," the official said. "But there is intelligence suggesting an assist from someone at the airport. "

The intelligence regarding ISIS involvement, another U.S. official said, is partially based on monitoring of internal messages of the terrorist group. Those messages are separate from public ISIS claims of responsibility, that official said.

In an audio message from ISIS' Sinai branch that was posted on terror-related social media accounts Wednesday, the organization adamantly insisted that it brought down the flight.

"Find your black boxes and analyze them, give us the results of your investigation and the depth of your expertise and prove we didn't do it or how it was downed," the message said. "Die with your rage. We are the ones with God's blessing who brought it down. And God willing, one day we will reveal how, at the time we desire."

Typically, ISIS is quick to trumpet how and who carried out any attacks for purposes of praise and propaganda. To some, the fact they haven't in this case raises doubts about their claim.

"That was a very baffling way to claim credit for what would be the most significant terrorist attack since 9/11," CNN terrorism analyst Paul Cruickshank said. "But there may have been a method behind this and a reason behind this, and that may have been to protect an insider at Sharm el-Sheikh airport."

Britain, Ireland suspend flights from Egyptian resort city

News of the U.S. intelligence analysis comes hours after British Prime Minister David Cameron's office said a bomb might have caused the crash.

"While the investigation is still ongoing, we cannot say categorically why the Russian jet crashed," the Prime Minister's office said. "But as more information has come to light, we have become concerned that the plane may well have been brought down by an explosive device."

Flights due to leave Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, for the United Kingdom were being delayed his office said, as a precautionary measure to allow British aviation experts to assess security arrangements at the city's airport, Cameron's office said in its statement.

Ireland also said Wednesday that it was suspending all flights to and from Sharm el-Sheikh until further notice, according to a statement from the Irish Aviation Authority.

Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry called the British decision to suspend flights "somewhat premature," as the investigation is not complete.

"We can appreciate, of course, the sense of responsibility and desire to provide protection to UK citizens. This is a desire that we equally share," he told CNN shortly after the British government's announcement. "But I think it is somewhat premature to make declarations related to what might or might not have happened to the aircraft before the investigation is completed and before there is a definitive cause for this crash."

At the airport on Wednesday, tensions quickly boiled over, one British tourist told CNN.

"People have been shouting at officials," said Sarah Cotterill, who was supposed to fly out of Sharm el-Sheikh Wednesday evening with her sister and their five children.

British embassy officials had just arrived at the airport terminal and put the passengers onto buses, she said.

"We are going to stay in a hotel in Sharm el-Sheikh. I don't know where. We don't know anything," she said. "The situation is hectic."

Militant battleground

Sharm el-Sheikh, where Flight 9268 began its journey, is a beach resort dotted with palm trees at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula. The plane crashed about 300 kilometers (185 miles) farther north, near a town called Housna, according to Egyptian authorities.

Sinai has been a battleground between ISIS-affiliated militants and Egyptian security forces in recent years. Hundreds have died in the fighting.

The militants have repeatedly claimed responsibility for bringing down the Russian passenger jet, but officials in Egypt and Russia have disputed that claim, saying there's no evidence to support it.

The U.S. State Department designated the ISIS Sinai affiliate, originally known as Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis, as a foreign terrorist organization in April 2014. ISIS in Sinai is one of the most active of all the ISIS affiliates and has bomb-making capabilities, according to U.S. intelligence. But if the group did plant a bomb on the plane, it would represent an increase in sophistication.

The officials say ISIS has not proved to be nearly as advanced with bomb-making capabilities as al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, a group that U.S. national security officials believed were working on nonmetallic bombs to be smuggled onto planes.

"If ISIS really was responsible for this, this will turbocharge their popularity in the global jihadi movement," Cruickshank said.

Egypt's Interior Ministry said Tuesday that it wasn't stepping up security in Sharm el-Sheikh or at the resort city's airport "because there is no indication (the plane crash) was a terrorist operation."

But the U.S. Embassy in Cairo has sent a security message to its employees, instructing them not to travel anywhere in Sinai pending the outcome of the crash investigation.

State Department spokesman John Kirby told reporters Wednesday that the move had nothing to do with any conclusion about why the plane crashed.

"They did the prudent thing. They do what our posts do around the world every time when there is some security concern -- even when, especially when, we don't know why something happened," he said. "That's even more reason to restrict movement. You don't want people going into harm's way."

Russia vs. ISIS

Russia started launching airstrikes in Syria in September, saying it was coordinating with the country's government to target ISIS and other terrorists.

When news of the crash first broke, an ISIS-affiliated group known as Province of Sinai released a statement claiming responsibility for the crash, saying it had perpetrated the attack "in response to Russian airstrikes that killed hundreds of Muslims on Syrian land," according to Reuters. That claim was disputed by officials, who said ISIS couldn't have fired a missile to bring down the plane.

U.S. officials initially said they doubted Russia's claims that it was targeting ISIS in Syria. But Col. Steve Warren, a spokesman for the U.S. military's Operation Inherent Resolve targeting ISIS in Syria and Iraq, said on Wednesday that some Russian airstrikes were hitting ISIS targets in Syria.

"They've done hundreds of airstrikes at this point. I'm not putting out the count anymore, but they conduct airstrikes, but only a fraction of them have been against (ISIS) targets. And when I say fraction, I'm talking ... 10%," he said.
173
Hackers use radio waves to silently control Apple's Siri, Android's Google Now
from Apple Insider

A newly spotlighted hack utilizes an iPhone or Android handset â€" with headphones plugged in â€" to remotely and silently access the smartphone's built-in voice controls, potentially unbeknownst to the user.

Researchers from French government agency ANSSI found they were able to control Apple's Siri or Android's Google Now from as far as 16 feet away, according to Wired. The hack is accomplished by using a radio transmitter to tap into a pair of headphones with integrated microphone plugged into the mobile device, using the headphone cable as an antenna.

Headphone cables make decent radio antennas, as evidenced by Apple's use of them to enable FM radio reception on its iPod nano. The team at ANSSI found they can exploit this and trick an iPhone or Android device into believing the audio commands are coming from the connected microphone.

"Without speaking a word, a hacker could use that radio attack to tell Siri or Google Now to make calls and send texts, dial the hacker's number to turn the phone into an eavesdropping device, send the phone's browser to a malware site, or send spam and phishing messages via email, Facebook, or Twitter," Wired explained.

In its smallest, most compact form, the hack can be accomplished from up to about six and a half feet away with equipment that could fit inside a backpack. A more powerful form operational up to 16 feet away would require the hardware be housed in a car or van.

The hack only works on headphone-connected iPhones which have Siri enabled from the lockscreen â€" which is Apple's default setting. It works not only with the new iPhone 6s which has "Hey Siri" always listening, but also with older devices, by spoofing the button press required to activate Siri on a set of headphones, such as Apple's own EarPods.

Of course, anyone who can get their hands on a user's iPhone can access Siri as long as it's enabled from the lock screen. But the ANSSI technique would allow for more remote, stealth access of a device, potentially unbeknownst to the user.

Some Android devices do feature voice recognition for Google Now access, which could thwart the potential hack. Apple has no such functionality built into Siri yet.

Starting with iOS 9, Apple has begun tailoring "Hey Siri" voice prompts to each individual user, helping the personal assistant recognize a user's voice when they use they functionality. The new setup process could be a potential precursor to voice recognition security in future versions of iOS.

Users concerned about such hacks should disable access to Siri from the lockscreen. This can be accomplished by opening the iOS Settings application, selecting Touch ID & Passcode, and then scrolling down to uncheck Siri under Allow Access When Locked. There, users can also disable access to the Today screen, Notifications View, Reply With Message, and Wallet, if they so choose.

For further security, users can also go back to the root Settings menu and choose Control Center and disable Access on Lock Screen. This will prevent a stolen iPhone from being placed into Airplane Mode without turning off the device.

As for the hardware side of security, the researchers at ANSSI have reached out to both Apple and Google, recommending that the companies adopt better shielding on their own headphone cords, which would make it more difficult for nefarious hackers to co-opt. Future handsets could also include electromagnetic sensors as a form of security.

Apple and Google could also fix the issue through software, allowing users to create custom voice prompts to invoke Siri and Google Now. Like Apple's "Hey Siri," Google allows users to begin a voice search with the generic query "OK Google."
174
Driving (or kind-of not driving) a Tesla Model S with Autopilot
from arstechnica

I recently spent some time driving in New York City traffic, and while normally I would alternate between being extremely bored or extremely stressed out, this time it wasn't so bad. That's because I wasn't doing much drivingâ€"the Tesla Model S was.

Today, Tesla is pushing out its "Version 7.0" update to owners of the Model S, which brings several assistive driving features to the vehicle that Tesla calls "Autopilot." Ars recently got to try out the new feature, as Tesla's "computer on wheels" whisked us through busy New York City traffic. Tesla's Autopilot update will handle radar-guided cruise control that will come to a complete stop, line guidance that will steer to keep the car in a lane, turn-signal initiated automated line switching, and automatic parallel parking.

Like any autonomous or semi-autonomous driving feature, Autopilot depends on a suite of sensors imbedded in the car. There's a camera on top of the windshield, forward-looking radar in the grill, GPS sensor, and ultrasonic acoustic location sensors on the front and rear of the car. The ultrasonic sensors lets the car detect what is immediately around it in 360 degrees, while the radar can look further into the distance to see what's in front of the the car.
Besides the combo turn signal/wiper there is a second control stalk on the left side that deals with the assistive driving features. If the car feels it's detecting everything well enough for Autopilot to work, a steering wheel icon will appear on the driver's display. When this icon shows up, pulling the assistive driving stick toward you twice will engage auto pilot.

The system is geared for highway driving, so New York City driving was quite a stress test for the system. It still performed pretty well taking over the majority of driving tasks while we were riding along. The biggest problem with trying driving assist technology for such a short period of time is that you don't have time to get comfortable with it, so I never really got to "trust" the car and was always ready to take control at a moment's notice.

One of the best aspects of Tesla's system is how customizable it is. The camera can read street signs, including the speed limit, so it knows what speed to cruise at, but if you're an enthusiastic driver you'll be glad to know that those detected speed limit signs are only a suggestion. Like any cruise control system, you can speed it up or slow it down by tapping up or down on the assisted driving stalk. You can also twist the end of the stick to set the follow and breaking distance from one to seven car lengths. Everyone has a different driving style that they are comfortable with, and it's nice to know that the Tesla's assistive driving features are customizable to your preferences.

We've got to say Autopilot seems just a little overhyped. At the end of the day it's just adaptive cruise control and lane keeping. Both features are something we've seen on other cars before, making Tesla's Autopilot feel only like another baby step toward automated driving, rather than a revolution. On the NHTSA's Automated Vechicle Policy, Tesla says autopilot is only a "level 2" automated vehicle. "Level 2" means the driver must pay attention at all times and the car only handles "at least two primary control functions." "Level 3" would offer occasional fully-automated driving, while "level 4" is something like what Google is working toward, which is fully-autonomous all the time. Tesla says that in any accident, the driver is liable. It can't navigate on its own, or stop for pedestrians, traffic lights, or stop signs.

We've had two Ars editors drive the Model S now, and both of us found the best aspect of the Model S to be the 360 sensing feature. While pulling out of a parallel parking spot and unsure of how close we were to the car in front of us, the ultrasonic sensor  told us exactly how far away we were from an accident. Along with the usual reverse camera the situation awareness was the best we've seen in a car.

The cars all learn from each other thanks to the Model S's Internet connection, and Musk says drivers should be able to feel the difference after just a week. The car is continually taking detailed maps as you drive, which it uploads to the cloud. Also any time a driver interrupts the assisted driving feature, Tesla treats that as a data point and tries to learn from it. All of this data is anonymous, and owners can opt out of the data collection if they wish.

The 7.0 update will bring Autopilot to any Model S sold since October 2014. Like the upgrade today, Tesla says its system is geared for the future, and more software updates will bring more and more automated features to the Model S, like the eventual ability to read stop signs and street lights. Tesla's upgrading and learning feature seems like a much better deal than what other automakers offer. Most manufacturers require you to buy a new car every year to keep up with the assisted driving features, but Tesla's policy of updating existing models is an industry leading move.

Musk says he expects Tesla to have the technology for fully automated driving ready within three years but that the cars will need much more hardware than the Model S is currently packing. Interestingly Musk says LIDAR, the spinning laser system on top of Ford and Google's self driving cars, isn't necessary for a fully autonomous vehicle. Rather, he thinks optical cameras are "sufficient for the task."

Tesla has big plans for the future of the model S, including the ability to summon it to your location through a smartphone app. This is something that would only be legal on private property, so we'll have to see what it looks like once the feature launches. For today, the Model S is just a little more automated, and the system is learning every day.
175
Lamar Odom had been using cocaine, brothel employees say
from CNN

Former NBA star Lamar Odom had been using cocaine on Saturday, employees at the Nevada brothel where he was found unresponsive four days later told 911 dispatchers, Nye County Sheriff Sharon Wehrly told reporters Wednesday.

Investigators have obtained a blood sample from Odom, which will be submitted for testing to the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police laboratory.

"At this point, the case is ongoing," Wehrly said.

On a 911 call played at a news conference, a woman says she also saw Odom take 10 herbal supplement tablets over three days.

Odom was found on Tuesday, the fourth day, lying in bed on his side, with a pinkish fluid coming from his mouth and nose, callers told 911 operators.

He was taken to a hospital in Las Vegas, about an hour's drive from Crystal.

Pahrump Valley Fire Rescue Chief Scott Lewis told reporters there were no incidents as Odom was driven from a hospital in Pahrump to Las Vegas.

Wife Khloe Kardashian at hospital

Reality television star Khloe Kardashian will make medical decisions for the former NBA star, a source close to Kardashian said Wednesday.

The couple's divorce has not been finalized, the source told CNN.

Odom's father and two children are with him at the hospital, the source said.

Odom, who won two NBA championships and appeared in reality TV shows with Kardashian, was found unresponsive Tuesday afternoon at the Love Ranch in Crystal, authorities said.

"When they took him to the Pahrump hospital, the people there told us, 'He doesn't look good. He doesn't look like he'll make it, and if he does, he won't be the same,' " brothel owner Dennis Hof said.

Officials haven't said what was wrong with Odom, and his condition remains unclear.

Authorities originally planned to fly him to Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center in Las Vegas, but said the 6-foot-10 Odom was too tall to fit in a helicopter. An ambulance then took him to the facility, about 60 miles away from Pahrump.

Odom, 35, won two NBA championships as a forward for the Los Angeles Lakers.

He married the younger sister of Kim Kardashian after a whirlwind romance in 2009. Khloe Kardashian filed for divorce four years later, citing irreconcilable differences. The two reportedly signed divorce papers in July; the source close to Kardashian said the divorce is not final.

Khloe Kardashian has been at the hospital by Odom's side since Tuesday night, according to a source close to the reality star. She asked that people keep him in their thoughts and prayers and respect his privacy, the source said.

'Everything was great'

Hof said Odom called him Saturday and told him he wanted to visit the brothel for a few days. Hof let him stay at his home, which is attached to the brothel.

"He was having a good time at the ranch and everything was great," Hof said, until Sunday, when Odom seemed "a bit somber" because people were "calling and bothering him."

On Tuesday, about 3:15 p.m., two women went to his room, Hof said.

"Two women at the brothel went to check on Odom and found him unconscious," he said. "They immediately call 911, and dispatch tells the girls to roll him over on his left side and (he) starts to puke. He was totally unconscious. The girls and staff rush him out on the ambulance. The police didn't find any illegal drugs on him."

He added, "To my knowledge, there were no drugs involved. Lamar was eating well and was just healthy."

The site manager of the brothel told CNN that when he arrived in the room the former athlete was on his right side and wouldn't wake up when people shook him.

Richard Hunter said Odom was snoring loudly, had his eyes closed and was unresponsive, so he called 911.

Hunter said the two women, who had been with Odom earlier, handed him a bottle of a legal herbal supplement that is sold at the brothel.

Brothels are legal in Nevada in counties with fewer than 700,000 people, according to state law. Hof and the sex workers from another of his brothels, Moonlite Bunny Ranch outside Carson City, have been featured in HBO documentaries, including "Cathouse" and "Cathouse 2: Back in the Saddle," along with an HBO series employing the same name.

Reality star

In addition to appearing on "Keeping Up With the Kardashians," Odom and Kardashian had their own reality show, "Khloe & Lamar." It lasted for two seasons and 20 episodes.

Despite going separate ways, Kardashian has said she will always love him.

"I will never, ever not love Lamar," she told E!, which airs their reality shows. "I was so obsessed with him in a healthy way. He was my husband, and I still wish he was."

Kardashian has expressed concerns for him, especially after his best friend died this year.

Despite her family's objection, she regularly talked to her ex-husband by phone during episodes of "Keeping Up With the Kardashians" this season.

Odom touted the help of his "very strong wife" in a 2011 Los Angeles Times article about a tragic two days for the hoopster in which he attended his 24-year-old slain cousin's funeral one day and was involved the next in an automobile accident. His SUV had collided with a motorcycle that struck a 15-year-old pedestrian, Awsaf Alvi Islam.

Odom recalled for the newspaper a series of tragedies: his mother dying of colon cancer when he was 12, the grandmother who raised him dying in 2004 and his infant son, Jayden, dying of sudden infant death syndrome two years later. They were in addition to aunts, cousins and friends "taken away from me," he told the paper.

"Death always seems to be around me," Odom said during the interview. "I've been burying people for a long time."

Veteran NBA player

Odom's collegiate basketball career began with controversy. He played for the University of Rhode Island Rams for the 1998-1999 season after sitting out a year following allegations of recruitment violations by the University of Nevada-Las Vegas, according to reports. As a 17-year-old prospect, he also received a 1997 citation for soliciting prostitutes, the Las Vegas Review-Journal reported.

After a season with Rhode Island, he was drafted by the Los Angeles Clippers in 1999, playing for the team for four seasons before signing with the Miami Heat.

Odom played for four teams during his 14 seasons in the NBA and won the Sixth Man of the Year Award during the 2010-11 season.

"Our thoughts and prayers are with Lamar Odom and his family at this time," Miami tweeted.

Fellow NBA player Dwyane Wade said he was up late, worried about his friend and former Miami teammate.

"I can't help but to be up right now ... ," he tweeted early Wednesday. "On my knees praying ... please God let him pull through."

After one season in Miami, Odom was traded to the Lakers and was a key part of their championship teams in 2009 and 2010.

A year later, he played briefly for the Dallas Mavericks before returning to the Clippers for one season. He has not played in the NBA since then, though the New York Knicks signed him to a two-year contract during the 2014 offseason, only to cut him three months later.

Team President Phil Jackson said at the time that it was "necessary to free up the roster spot" after Odom, whom Jackson had coached when he was with the Lakers, "was unable to uphold the standards to return as an NBA player."

Outside of basketball, Odom has continued making headlines, including for a drunken driving charge two years ago. He pleaded no contest and received three years' probation.
176
Why Clinton’s debate success could come back to hurt her in the end
from The Washington Post

If Hillary Rodham Clinton wins the Democratic presidential nomination, her Republican opponents will not let her off so easy.

On Tuesday night in Las Vegas, Clinton faced a set of Democratic rivals who seemed to lack the skill â€" or the will â€" to challenge her about her record on foreign policy, her changes­ in position, her handling of government data on a private e-mail server, or her claim to be an “outsider” after two decades in national politics.

When the former secretary of state praised Libya â€" now a cauldron of chaos and Islamist militias â€" as “smart power at its best,” nobody scoffed. When she was challenged about her e-mail practices, a controversy that has concerned many voters, top rival Bernie Sanders actually stepped in to dismiss the question. Americans are “tired of hearing about” it, he said.

For a night, the Democratic primary looked like what it was supposed to be a year ago: a coronation. On stage stood one dominant candidate, surrounded by others with other goals that didn’t include actually taking her down.

For Clinton, this night was a win. But it wasn’t great preparation. If Clinton is the Democratic nominee, she will face a Republican candidate who sees the very things she talked about Tuesday â€" Libya, the e-mails and her closeness with President Obama â€" as weapons to use against her.

“She won’t be so lucky when it comes to me!” wrote GOP front-runner Donald Trump on Twitter, deriding Clinton’s opponents as “the B-team.”

Reed Galen, a Utah-based GOP strategist, said he imagined much of what Clinton said Tuesday night making its way into television spots to benefit Republican candidates next year.

“She was like a walking 30-second ad script,” Galen said. “Having such a weak field is such a double-edged sword for her. She doesn’t get challenged on that.”

While Clinton’s opponents tried to land some punches­ on her ties to Wall Street and her past support for the invasion of Iraq, it was clear that they had little stomach to attack her on some of the very areas where Republicans believe Clinton is weakest â€" namely her character or leadership.

The image that came through Tuesday night of a strong, confident Clinton left her camp proclaiming success. After a rocky summer of falling poll numbers and questions about her use of the private e-mail server to conduct State Department business, this night was focused largely on the issues Clinton wanted to focus on.

Her supporters suggested she had closed the door to a late entry to the race by Vice President Biden.

“I think that door is shut, locked, no air is getting through. There’s just no way,” said Democratic strategist Matt Bennett of Third Way, who is supporting Clinton. “I just don’t think there’s a path for him. The only path he had really was the bed-wetters who were worried about Hillary, and I don’t think they’re worried this morning. What this debate will do much more than anything else is calm everybody down.”

On Tuesday, the strongest jab from a Democratic rival might have been something that Sanders said to Clinton. But it was a gentle jab, at best, and not directly aimed at her.

It came after Clinton â€" trying to show her ability to take on Wall Street â€" told a story about visiting a group of bankers in New York in 2007, when it was clear that Wall Street was taking risky bets on mortgages and securities.

“I basically said, ‘Cut it out! Quit foreclosing on homes! Quit engaging in these kinds of speculative behaviors!’ ” Clinton said. At the time, she represented Wall Street itself, as a senator from New York.

The bankers did not cut it out, of course. The year after Clinton’s scolding, a cascade of huge losses­ on Wall Street helped lead to a financial crisis and a long-lasting recession.

Sanders responded with a rebuke â€" but one that attacked the system before it attacked his rival.

“Congress does not regulate Wall Street. Wall Street regulates Congress,” he said, as Clinton tried to protest that he was misquoting her. “And we have got to break off these banks. Going to them and saying, ‘Please, do the right thing,’ is kind of naive.”

At other times in the debate, Clinton seemed to set her rivals up for a counter­punch that never came â€" but would almost surely come from Republicans in a general election.

When asked about Libya, for example, she played into long-standing criticisms of her â€" that she is too much like Obama and partly responsible for a less-assertive foreign policy that critics deride as “leading from behind.”

“Our response, which I think was smart power at its best, is that the United States will not lead this,” she said. “We will provide essential, unique capabilities that we have, but the Europeans and the Arabs had to be first over the line.” She boasted that, after that intervention, Libyans had held their first free election since 1951.

What Clinton left out was what’s happened since. The country as fallen into chaos, divided by militias and colonized by the Islamic State.

Clinton alluded to Libya’s downfall in a single passive-voice sentence.

“Because of the Arab Spring, because of a lot of other things, there was turmoil to be followed,” she said.

Beginning Tuesday night, Republicans seemed stunned that Clinton would take this episode â€" which they believed was a low point of her career as secretary â€" and cast it as a high point.

“ ‘Smart power at its best’ Seriously?” former Florida governor Jeb Bush wrote on Twitter.

Another case in point: On Tuesday evening, Clinton was asked to list the enemies she was most proud of. She listed the National Rifle Association, the Iranian government and . . . Republicans.

Which might be true, but it doesn’t seem very bipartisan. At some point, a few months from now, Clinton hopes to be in a position where looking bipartisan is important.

On Wednesday, Republicans followed up with a fundraising appeal based on Clinton’s crack. Sign up as a Hillary enemy, the appeal said. All it takes is a donation to the Republicans.
177
Russian Military Uses Syria as Proving Ground, and West Takes Notice
from The New York Times

Two weeks of air and missile strikes in Syria have given Western intelligence and military officials a deeper appreciation of the transformation that Russia’s military has undergone under President Vladimir V. Putin, showcasing its ability to conduct operations beyond its borders and providing a public demonstration of new weaponry, tactics and strategy.

The strikes have involved aircraft never before tested in combat, including the Sukhoi Su-34 strike fighter, which NATO calls the Fullback, and a ship-based cruise missile fired more than 900 miles from the Caspian Sea, which, according to some analysts, surpasses the American equivalent in technological capability.

Russia’s jets have struck in support of Syrian ground troops advancing from areas under the control of the Syrian government, and might soon back an Iranian-led offensive that appeared to be forming in the northern province of Aleppo on Wednesday. That coordination reflects what American officials described as months of meticulous planning behind Russia’s first military campaign since the dissolution of the Soviet Union outside former Soviet borders.

Taken together, the operations reflect what officials and analysts described as a little-noticed â€" and still incomplete â€" modernization that has been underway in Russia for several years, despite strains on the country’s budget. And that, as with Russia’s intervention in neighboring Ukraine, has raised alarms in the West.

In a report this month for the European Council on Foreign Relations, Gustav Gressel argued that Mr. Putin has overseen the most rapid transformation of the country’s armed forces since the 1930s. “Russia is now a military power that could overwhelm any of its neighbors, if they were isolated from Western support,” wrote Mr. Gressel, a former officer of the Austrian military.

Russia’s fighter jets are, for now at least, conducting as many strikes in a typical day against rebel troops opposing the government of President Bashar al-Assad as the American-led coalition targeting the Islamic State has been carrying out each month this year.

The operation in Syria â€" still relatively limited â€" has become, in effect, a testing ground for an increasingly confrontational and defiant Russia under Mr. Putin. In fact, as Mr. Putin himself suggested on Sunday, the operation could be designed to send a message to the United States and the West about the restoration of the country’s military prowess and global reach after decades of post-Soviet decay.

“It is one thing for the experts to be aware that Russia supposedly has these weapons, and another thing for them to see for the first time that they do really exist, that our defense industry is making them, that they are of high quality and that we have well-trained people who can put them to effective use,” Mr. Putin said in an interview broadcast on state television. “They have seen, too, now that Russia is ready to use them if this is in the interests of our country and our people.”

Russia’s swift and largely bloodless takeover of Crimea in 2014 was effectively a stealth operation, while its involvement in eastern Ukraine, though substantial, was conducted in secrecy and obfuscated by official denials of direct Russian involvement. The bombings in Syria, by contrast, are being conducted openly and are being documented with great fanfare by the Ministry of Defense in Moscow, which distributes targeting video in the way the Pentagon did during the Persian Gulf war in 1991.

That has also given officials and analysts far greater insight into a military that for nearly a quarter-century after the collapse of the Soviet Union was seen as a decaying, insignificant force, one so hobbled by aging systems and so consumed by corruption that it posed little real threat beyond its borders.

“We’re learning more than we have in the last 10 years,” said Micah Zenko, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, noting the use of the new strike fighters and the new cruise missile, known as the Kalibr. “As it was described to me, we are going to school on what the Russian military is capable of today.”

The capabilities on display in Syria â€" and before that in Ukraine â€" are the fruits of Russia’s short, victorious war in Georgia in 2008. Although Russia crushed the American-trained forces of Georgia’s government, driving them from areas surrounding the breakaway region of South Ossetia, Russia’s ground and air forces performed poorly.

The Russians lost three fighter jets and a bomber on the first day of the war that August, and seven overall, according to an analysis conducted after the conflict. Russian ground forces suffered from poor coordination and communication, as well as incidents of friendly fire.

In the war’s aftermath, Mr. Putin, then serving as prime minister, began a military modernization program that focused not only on high-profile procurement of new weapons â€" new aircraft, warships and missiles â€" but also on a less-noticed overhaul of training and organization that included a reduction in the bloated officer corps and the development of a professional corps of noncommissioned officers.

Russian military spending bottomed out in the mid-1990s but has risen steadily under Mr. Putin and, despite the falling price of oil and international sanctions imposed after the annexation of Crimea, it has surged to its highest level in a quarter-century, reaching $81 billion, or 4.2 percent of the country’s gross domestic product, a common measure of military expenditure.

The Russian advancements go beyond new weaponry, reflecting an increase in professionalism and readiness. Russia set up its main operations at an air base near Latakia in northwestern Syria in a matter of three weeks, dispatching more than four dozen combat planes and helicopters, scores of tanks and armored vehicles, rocket and artillery systems, air defenses and portable housing for as many as 2,000 troops. It was Moscow’s largest deployment to the Middle East since the Soviet Union deployed in Egypt in the 1970s.

“What continues to impress me is their ability to move a lot of stuff real far, real fast,” Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges, the commander of United States Army forces in Europe, said in an interview.

Since its air campaign started on Sept. 30, Russia has quickly ramped up its airstrikes from a handful each day to nearly 90 on some days, using more than a half-dozen types of guided and unguided munitions, including fragmentary bombs and bunker busters for hardened targets, American analysts said.

Russia is not only bringing some of its most advanced hardware to the fight, it has also deployed large field kitchens and even dancers and singers to entertain the troops â€" all signs that Moscow is settling in for the long haul, American analysts said.

“They brought the whole package,” said Jeffrey White, a former Mideast analyst with the Defense Intelligence Agency now at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. “It showed me they could deploy a decent-sized expeditionary force.”

For now, Russia’s focus in Syria is mainly an air campaign with some 600 Marines on the ground to protect the air base in Latakia. Mr. Putin has excluded the idea of sending in a larger ground force to assist the Syrians.

Michael Kofman, an analyst with the CNA Corporation, a nonprofit research institute, and a fellow at the Kennan Institute in Washington who studies the Russian military, said that the operations over Syria showed that Russia has caught up to the capabilities the United States has used in combat since the 1990s. That nonetheless represented significant progress given how far behind the Russians had fallen.

“Conducting night strikes, with damage assessments by drones, is a tangible leap for Russia into a mix of 1990s and even current Western combat ability,” he said.

The Russian Air Force suffered a series of training accidents over the spring and summer â€" losing at least five aircraft in a matter of months â€" which Mr. Kofman described as “teething pains” as pilots increased operating tempo under Mr. Putin’s orders. Even so, Russia’s aviation is “often painted in the West as some sort of Potemkin village, which is not the case.”

He and others said that the biggest surprise so far has been the missile technology on display. The cruise missiles fired from Russian frigates and destroyers in the Caspian Sea were first tested only in 2012. With a range said to reach 900 miles, they had not been used in combat before, and despite the loss of four cruise missiles that crashed in Iran in one salvo, they represent a technological leap that could prove worrisome for military commanders in NATO. He noted that the advances in missile technologies improved the precision and firepower even of aging, Soviet-era ships or aircraft.

“This is an amazingly capable new weapon,” he added.

Russia’s state television network boasted on Monday that from the Caspian, they could reach the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Peninsula and the “entire Mediterranean Sea.” It went on to note that trials of the missiles were underway aboard two ships in the Black Sea, which is bordered by three NATO allies: Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania.

The Moskva, a guided-missile cruiser that is the flagship of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet, based in the newly annexed Crimea, has also deployed with other ships off the coast of Syria, providing air defenses for the for the aircraft and troops Russia has deployed. Those missiles effectively protect the skies over Syrian territory under control of the government from aerial incursions, and all but block the establishment of a no-fly zone in Syria, as many have called for.

American officials say Russia has closely coordinated with its allies to plan its current fight. Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, the head of Iran’s paramilitary Quds Force, went to Moscow in late July in an apparent effort to coordinate on the Russian offensive in Syria, and he is also spearheading the Iranian effort to assist Iraqi militias. “The broad outlines were decided months ago,” said Lt. Gen. Richard P. Zahner, formerly the Army’s top intelligence officer in Europe and in Iraq.

American officials, while impressed with how quickly Russia dispatched its combat planes and helicopters to Syria, said air power has been used to only a fraction of its potential, with indiscriminate fire common and precision-guided munitions used sparingly. It is clear the Russians are already harvesting lessons from the campaign to apply to their other military operations, said David A. Deptula, a retired three-star Air Force general who planned the American air campaigns in 2001 in Afghanistan and in the gulf war.

“Essentially,” he said, “Russia is using their incursion into Syria as an operational proving ground.”
178
Colombian president, rebels announce major breakthrough in peace talks
from The Washington Post

Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos and the leader of the FARC rebel group announced a major breakthrough Wednesday in peace talks, bringing the country to the verge of ending one of the world’s longest-running wars.

The dramatic announcement came in Havana, where the two sides began formal negotiations in 2012 on ending the 50-year-old conflict. Wednesday’s ceremony marked the first time Santos has appeared beside Timoleón Jiménez, alias “Timochenko,” the elusive FARC commander who previously surfaced in videos recorded from his jungle hideouts.

With Cuban President Raúl Castro seated between them, Santos said he and Timochenko had told their negotiating teams to reach a final agreement within six months. The guerrilla commander remains an adversary, Santos said, but “today we are making progress in the same direction, toward the most noble goal a society can have: peace.”

“We must break once and for all any link between politics and weapons,” he told a room packed with Colombian journalists and politicians at Havana’s convention center.

More than 220,000 people have been killed in the three-way violence between the left-wing guerrillas, the government and right-wing paramilitary groups. At least 6 million Colombians have been forced to flee their homes. Only Syria has more “internally displaced persons,” according to U.N. data.

The agreement announced Wednesday breaks an impasse over the most sensitive element of the talks, namely whether guerrillas who lay down their weapons would be subject to criminal prosecution, prison terms and potential extradition to the United States.

Leaders of the FARC, or Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, have insisted they would not submit to such terms. There are reams of criminal charges against them in Colombian, U.S. and international courts for murder, kidnapping, drug trafficking, terrorism and virtually every other serious offense imaginable.

The deal would establish a truth-and-reconciliation process through which guerrillas and Colombian military commanders accused of rights abuses would be required to confess their crimes at special tribunals.

Timochenko, who is rarely seen on television by Colombians and even less without a combat uniform, read a brief statement after Santos’s remarks. His graying hair and beard appeared to have been trimmed, and he wore a white guayabera shirt, as did the other members of the FARC delegation.

The rebel commander praised the system of special tribunals as a mechanism “designed for all of those affected by the conflict, combatants and non-combatants . . . built on the basis of reparation and non-repetition” of conflict.

“Now we must work to build consensus” toward a peace deal, he said, “and work to transform FARC into a legal political movement.”

Under the terms of the agreement, combatants who provide truthful testimony and atone for their crimes would be eligible for a system of “alternative justice” that would limit their punishment to financial reparations to victims and five to eight years that could be served at low-security work camps or halfway houses.

But the special tribunals would have the power to investigate and cross-examine those accused of war crimes. Combatants who failed to fully confess or withheld evidence would lose eligibility for a lighter sentence and would face full criminal prosecution.

FARC commanders who have already been extradited to the United States would not be eligible, according to a person with knowledge of the deal, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive negotiations.

Nurtured by drug trafficking profits, illegal mining and revenue from kidnapping and extortion, the leftist insurgent group has been at war with the government since 1964.

Final deal pending

The announcement in Havana came three days after Pope Francis celebrated Mass in the city’s Plaza of the Revolution with a plea to Colombians to “achieve definitive reconciliation” in the peace talks to end “the long night of pain and violence.”

“Please, we do not have the right to allow ourselves yet another failure on this path of peace and reconciliation,” Francis said.

In a statement, Secretary of State John F. Kerry praised the pope’s “moral leadership” and said he had called Santos to congratulate him. He also recognized Cuba and Norway, the two countries serving as “guarantors” for the negotiations.

“Peace is now ever closer for the Colombian people and millions of conflict victims,” Kerry said. “The Colombian people deserve a just and durable peace, and this will be their victory.”

Wednesday’s agreement does not complete the peace process, but it resolves one of the thorniest and most controversial aspects of the talks. The two sides have deals in place on other elements: rural development, an end to the guerrillas’ drug trafficking and guarantees for the future participation of FARC members in the country’s political system.

Still pending are the nuts-and-bolts issues of disarming and demobilizing the estimated 7,000 or so FARC combatants who remain on remote battlefields in Colombia’s jungles and mountains.

Wednesday’s announcement was especially significant because it also sets the first timetables for ending the conflict. FARC combatants would have 60 days to lay down weapons once a deal is reached.

“These are the most important breakthroughs since negotiations began more than three years ago,” said Bernard Aronson, U.S. special envoy to the Colombia peace talks. “Taken together this means the war in Colombia is coming to an end.”

Under the terms of the peace process, the final agreement must be approved by Colombian voters. Though many Colombians say in surveys that they want peace, Santos’s popularity has slumped since his reelection last year, and the deal could collapse if voters reject it because they think it lets FARC off too easily.

“Santos, it’s not peace that’s near, it’s the surrender to FARC and the tyranny of Venezuela,” wrote former president Álvaro Uribe, Santos’s political archrival, on Twitter, linking Wednesday’s announcement to Colombia’s ongoing tensions with the government in Caracas.

During his 2002 to 2010 presidency, Uribe rolled back FARC’s territorial gains and decimated its ranks, but he could not completely defeat the rebels.

“Without jail time for the commanders, there will be a deal in Havana but also a recipe for more violence in Colombia,” Uribe warned.

‘A glide-path forward’

A smaller leftist group, the National Liberation Army, known by its Spanish initials ELN, is still at war with the Colombian government, but those fighters are expected to also ask to negotiate a peace deal.

“This is huge news,” said Adam Isacson, a Colombia expert at the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), a D.C. think tank. “Transitional justice was by far the hardest issue on the agenda.”

“It might be an overstatement to say that they’re now on a glide-path toward a final peace accord,” Isacson said. “But what remains to be negotiated is easier than what has been agreed.”

Isacson noted that a FARC cease-fire over the past two months has brought the country a preview of what a lasting peace deal would mean.

“If this kind of tranquility persists, Colombians won’t want to go back to the way things were,” Isacson said. “They will swallow hard and support the accord as long as it includes some real accountability for human rights abusers.”
179
Pope Francis, in Washington, Addresses Poverty and Climate
from The New York Times

Welcomed with a fanfare of trumpets and a chorus of amens, Pope Francis introduced himself to the United States on Wednesday with a bracing message on climate change, immigration and poverty that ranged from the pastoral to the political.

On a day that blended the splendor of an ancient church with the frenzy of a modern rock star tour, Francis waded quietly but forcefully into some of the most polarizing issues of American civic life. Along the way, he underscored just how much he has upended the agenda of the Roman Catholic Church and reordered its priorities.

Perhaps no one was more pleased than President Obama, who greeted him with an elaborate arrival ceremony at the White House, where the pope explicitly embraced the administration’s efforts to combat climate change. At a later speech to American bishops, Francis, the first pope from Latin America, pressed for openness to immigrants, marking a signal day for Hispanics in the United States.

While the last two popes focused on traditional moral issues like abortion and homosexuality, Francis left those to the side in Mr. Obama’s presence. With the bishops, he spoke about the “innocent victim of abortion” but mentioned the issue as only one of a long list of concerns, including children who die of hunger or in bombings, immigrants who “drown in the search for a better tomorrow” and an environment “devastated by man’s predatory relationship with nature.”

“Humanity has the ability to work together in building our common home,” the pope told a crowd of thousands on the South Lawn of the White House in his first major speech in English. “As Christians inspired by this certainty, we wish to commit ourselves to the conscious and responsible care of our common home.”

Still, in a low-key but evident break with Mr. Obama, Francis at the end of the day made a previously unannounced stop to see the nuns at the Little Sisters of the Poor to underscore his support for religious freedom, a Vatican spokesman, the Rev. Federico Lombardi, said. The Little Sisters religious order sued the federal government over the birth control mandate in Mr. Obama’s Affordable Care Act.

Wearing his white cassock and skullcap, Francis was greeted everywhere he went by joyful crowds. Catholics and non-Catholics alike juggled their cellphones and small flags of the Holy See as they craned for a glimpse of the 266th pope â€" only the fourth to visit the United States and third to visit Washington.

The spiritual leader of 1.2 billion Catholics led a short parade around the Ellipse in his open-air popemobile, waving and making the sign of the cross as Vatican officials brought him babies to kiss. He later celebrated Mass for more than 20,000 people and presided over the first canonization in the United States.

In his first visit to the United States, Francis, 78, seemed eager to pass over his previous criticisms of a materialistic, capitalist culture and instead reach out to the world’s most powerful nation. He praised the country’s devotion to freedom of liberty and religion even as he cautioned that its vast resources demanded a deep sense of moral responsibility. “God bless America,” he said at the White House.

The pope arrived at the White House in a modest Fiat to find a crowd of 11,000 people, including Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Secretary of State John Kerry and Representative Nancy Pelosi of California, the Democratic minority leader, all Catholics, as well as about half of the members of Congress. The White House rolled out its best color guards, including a fife-and-drum corps, but opted against the 21-gun salute that is traditional for such ceremonies.

Mr. Obama thanked the pope for his help in restoring American diplomatic relations with Cuba and hailed him for speaking out for the world’s most impoverished. “You shake our conscience from slumber,” he said. “You call on us to rejoice in good news and give us confidence that we can come together, in humility and service, and pursue a world that is more loving, more just and more free.”

In his own remarks, the pope noted the country’s origins at a time when critics of illegal immigration were pushing to build a wall at the southern border. “As the son of an immigrant family, I am happy to be a guest in this country, which was largely built by such families,” Francis said.

He devoted more of his address to climate change than any other topic. “Mr. President,” Francis said, “I find it encouraging that you are proposing an initiative for reducing air pollution.” He added that there was still time to heal the planet for its children. “To use a telling phrase of the Rev. Martin Luther King, we can say that we have defaulted on a promissory note, and now is the time to honor it,” he said.

The ceremony brought together two men with starkly disparate backgrounds and yet commonalities that have united them now, a community organizer from Chicago and a priest from Argentina, both presenting themselves as champions of those without any. While they first met last year at the Vatican, their appearance on Wednesday carried a visual and possibly a political power that solidified the impression of a secular-theological alliance.

Republicans, who have said they disagree with the pope on climate change and capitalism, nonetheless largely kept such thoughts to themselves and instead focused instead on the majesty of the day. Former Gov. Jeb Bush of Florida, a Republican presidential candidate who converted to Catholicism, attended the afternoon Mass with the pope and posted a picture on Twitter.

After meeting alone with the president and an interpreter in the Oval Office, the pope went to the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle, where the crowd swelled so deep that for many the only sign of the pope’s arrival was a cheer echoing through nearby streets. A crowd of more than 50 people inside a restaurant pressed against windows facing the cathedral and stood eagerly on chairs to get a better view.

As the pope entered the cathedral, the rector, Msgr. W. Ronald Jameson, threw his arms open wide. As he walked down the church’s center aisle between rows of bishops in pink zucchettos, some of them held up phones and cameras to take pictures.

Archbishop Alexander Sample of Portland, Ore., posted on Twitter from his seat in the pews: “Pope Francis has arrived!”

Addressing nearly 300 bishops, whom he referred to as his brothers, the pope was warm and encouraging, but he also spoke clearly and with simple language that was unmistakable in its emphasis. He praised the bishops for their work on behalf of immigrants, and for the first time praised their “courage” in handling the church’s sexual abuse scandals.

“I am also conscious of the courage with which you have faced difficult moments in the recent history of the church in this country without fear of self-criticism and at the cost of mortification and great sacrifice,” the pope told the bishops.

Those remarks brought applause from the bishops but later drew indignation from survivors of sexual abuse and their advocates. Dennis Coday, the editor of The National Catholic Reporter, an independent outlet that helped reveal sexual abuse by priests, said the pope’s comments would prompt victims to conclude, “He just doesn’t get it.”

Speaking to bishops who have not always agreed with his spiritual emphasis, the pope said that he had “not come to judge you or to lecture you.” But he said the “style of our mission” should make parishioners feel that the message was meant for them. “Be pastors close to people, pastors who are neighbors and servants,” he instructed.

Francis also pressed his case for particular attention to immigrants and refugees as a primary responsibility of the church. Speaking of the recent surge of migration from Latin America, he acknowledged that parishes may be “challenged by their diversity.”

“But know that they also possess resources meant to be shared â€" so do not be afraid to welcome them,” he said. “I am certain that, as so often in the past, these people will enrich America and its church.”

Latinos who flocked to see the pontiff said they were not surprised that he would highlight an issue of critical importance to a community with increasing influence in American politics â€" and an expanding target for political backlash.

“He understands Americans â€" he is one,” Oscar Lefranc, 55, said. “He’s lived it. He’s experienced it.”

Later in the afternoon, the pope went to the campus of Catholic University of America to celebrate his first Mass in the United States and to canonize Junípero Serra, a Franciscan who founded missions across California in the 1700s.

The pope greeted the enthusiastic crowd before entering the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, the nation’s largest Roman Catholic church.

Before the homily, the pope declared Father Serra to be a saint. “Having given mature deliberation and having begged the help of divine grace, and the opinion of many of our brothers, blessed Junípero Serra we discern and define to be a saint,” the pope said, speaking in Spanish.

Olga Herrera, 30, and eight other members of a young-adults group at St. Camillus Catholic Church of Silver Spring, Md., all of them from Guatemala, cheered when Francis accepted the proclamation made on behalf of Father Serra’s sainthood.
180
Amazon Launching a Gaming-Focused Fire TV Device
from Gamespot

Amazon on Thursday announced a new version of its Fire TV device, this one designed specifically for "affordable, high-quality gaming." The $140 bundle comes with a Fire TV system (the new, 4K-enabled model), a new game controller, a 32 GB microSD card, and copies of Shovel Knight and DuckTales Remastered.

Amazon Devices VP Peter Larsen said in a statement that, since Fire TV launched in 2014, gaming has been a "customer-favorite." As such, it was time to create a device tailored specifically to gaming. After all, even Amazon referred to the original Fire TV as "absolutely not a game console."

"The team has worked hard to bring software and feature updates that are important to gamers--the new Fire TV has 75% more processing power, expandable microSD storage, 2x GPU performance, and more games than any other streaming media player," Larsen added.

Amazon also pointed out today that, since Fire TV originally launched, its game library has grown by a whopping 500 percent. More than half of those games cost 99 cents or less. There's quite a wide variety of available titles, too, including Telltale's Tales from the Borderlands, Crossy Road, and Goat Simulator. Fire TV also supports GameFly Streaming, meaning you can play games like Batman: Arkham Asylum, Darksiders II, and Mafia II, among many others, on it.

A new Fire TV gaming controller has also been created, featuring a new "ergonomic design," as well as support for voice search via its built-in microphone. Overall, the controller sports a battery life of up to 90 hours from two AA batteries. Plug in headphones, however, and the battery life will decrease. For a closer look at the controller, click through the images in the gallery above.

Fire TV Gaming Edition launches on October 5. Preorders are available now on Amazon. If you just want the new controller, those go for $50 each.
181
Astronomers warn black hole collision is imminent
from BABW News

Scientists around the country have been compiling mounting evidence that a collision between two supermassive black holes is likely to occur very soon.

Astronomers from Caltech have reported that two supermassive black holes appear to be on a collision course for each other. According to a report from the New York Times, the collision may be enough to completely destroy the black holes’ host galaxy, which is approximately 3.5 billion light years away.

The research team noticed a rhythmic blinking from the nucleus of the distant galaxy, originating from a quasar called PG 1302-102. Astronomer Matthew Graham believes the rhythmic pattern indicates two black holes orbiting around each other. Graham estimates that the mass of the black holes exceeds that of one billion suns.

According to calculations performed by the Caltech team, the union between these two black holes could release as much energy as 100 million supernovae. The gravitational waves generated by the massive explosion would create shockwaves that traveled throughout the universe.

Other researchers have confirmed the results of the Graham’s work with their own studies. A new analysis of the binary black hole system from Daniel D’Orazio of Columbia University has proposed that the light emanating from the quasar comes from a large circle of gas that circles the smaller of the black holes.

Models estimate that the black holes orbit each other at a distance of 200 billion miles, which is only one tenth of a light-year. Researchers estimate that the final explosion caused by the merger of these galaxies could occur as soon as the next 100,000 years. Since the black holes are so massive, their movements around each other will carry much more energy.
182
'Myst'-inspired game 'The Witness' hits PS4 and PC in January
from engadget

The Witness has been cloaked in a fair bit of mystery since Jonathan Blow started working on it in 2009, right after the rabid success of his first game, Braid. Now, we finally have some concrete information: The Witness will launch on PlayStation 4 and PC on January 26th, 2016. Blow and his team announced the release date in a new (4K, 60fps) trailer that shows off the game's latest graphics and a bit of puzzle-based gameplay.

The Witness takes place on a gorgeous 3D island that appears to be packed with secrets and an odd mix of technology and ruins. It's a big, dense game with 677 puzzles at last count. The Witness is visually reminiscent of The Talos Principle -- a brilliant 3D, first-person puzzle game from Croteam -- but Blow says that's where the similarities end.

"I think these two games are ultimately about very different subjects, and were made for very different reasons, and you feel the differences when you play," he told Engadget in February. "That said, it is likely that someone interested in one game may be interested in the other game."

Blow definitely hopes plenty of people are interested in The Witness -- over the past six years, he's poured all of the money he made from Braid (millions of dollars) into his second game.
183
Amazon Fire Tablet: What the $50 Computer Can Do
from ABC News

Amazon is enticing holiday shoppers to go with a six pack this holiday season. Of tablets, that is.

The online retailer unveiled its new low-cost Amazon Fire tablet today, billing it as a "powerful tablet an an incredible price" charging $49.99 for one, or the chance to buy five and get one free for $249.95.

What's not included is the fee to remove sponsored screen savers. On the checkout page for the new tablet, which ships beginning Sept. 30, Amazon gives customers the option to pay a $15 fee to remove the advertisements, saying "we keep our prices low by displaying sponsored screensavers that don't interrupt use of the device."

Patrick Moorhead, an analyst at Moor Insights & Strategy, told ABC News it's important customers know they get what they pay for when it comes to the technology powering the new Fire.

"It's like me trying to sell you a car that has a one-gallon gas tank. It will get me down the road, it has two doors and an engine," he said. "But before you drive that car off the lot, you will have to upgrade it to a ten-gallon gas tank."

Amazon is aiming the low-cost tablet at a sweet spot in the market -- people who may not have the cash to drop on an iPad or even one of Amazon's other tablets but are looking for a device designed for reading, watching videos and playing games, preferably within Amazon's entertainment ecosystem. The tablet has a quad-core processor, front- and rear-facing cameras, 8 GB of storage with the option to expand up to 128 GB.

It's half the price of the $99.99 Fire HD 6, the tablet that was Amazon's most affordable until today's announcement. The Fire 6 still boasts slightly better specs, including processing speed, battery life and a crisper resolution than its cheaper cousin.
184
Syrian tripped by Hungarian camerawoman gets job offer at Spanish soccer coaching school
from The Washington Post

The video footage sparked international outrage: A desperate Syrian father, clutching his small son, runs with hundreds fleeing from authorities at an Hungarian camp. Then, a Hungarian camerawoman sticks her leg out and trips him. He tumbles. He screams.

Although he was just one of thousands fleeing war-torn Syria, the incident set off a wave of media coverage, and soon he wasn't a nameless refugee. He is Osama Abdul Mohsen, father to 7-year-old Zaid, and he once coached division one soccer in Syria.

Now, Spain's national soccer coach training center, Cenafe, has arranged for him to come to the country, where a job offer and a place to live near Getafe await him, the Associated Press reported.

"Hopefully, this will serve as an example to the rest of Europe,” school director Miguel Galán said, according to AP. “We need to help these people.”

Mohsen arrived in Madrid on Thursday after traveling by train from Germany with two of his sons, an Arabic-speaking Cenafe student and a reporter from the Spanish newspaper El Mundo. "I am very, very happy when Mr. Miguel called [me] to come to Spain," Mohsen said on the train in an video interview with El Mundo. "I see a future for my family in Spain."

Mohsen's wife and two other children remain in Turkey, and he said on camera that it's "very vital" that his family reunite with him in Spain. Authorities at the soccer academy are working to have Mohsen's family join him and to get him legalized so he can work there, AP reported.

The migrant crisis in Europe reached a new apex this week when Hungary erected 109 miles of razor-wire fencing along its border, hoping to keep out people seeking to make it farther inland to wealthier nations such as Germany.

Last month, a record 156,000 migrants entered Europe, according to the E.U. border agency Frontex. Spain pledged last week to welcome 17,680 refugees.

After footage showing her tripping Mohsen went viral, Hungarian camerawoman Petra Laszlo was fired from N1TV, considered a right-wing station. She subsequently apologized.

Cenafe's director told El Pais that it used its advertising budget to pay for an apartment for Mohsen. "When we saw the story of Mohsen published in the newspapers we felt very bad about it,” Galán told the newspaper. “As soon as he learns Spanish, we plan to offer him a job at our organization.”

In a statement, the soccer academy said that many of its students go on to work internationally and that the addition of Mohsen will help to better prepare them for foreign work.

"We can only thank Osama for accepting our invitation," the statement read.
185
Migrant crisis: Scuffles on Croatian border
from BBC News

Crowds of migrants have scuffled with Croatian police in at least two places along the border with Serbia as they seek to enter the European Union.

They briefly broke through police lines at Tovarnik and Bezdan after hours waiting in full sun.

At least 9,200 migrants have entered Croatia since Hungary closed its border, officials said, blocking the previous land route into the EU.

Croatia's interior minister says the country is "absolutely full".

EU leaders will hold an emergency summit next week to discuss the crisis.

Croatia's president has asked the army to be ready to protect its borders from "the illegal migration", state news agency Hina reported (in Croatian).

Officials say migrants must apply for asylum there or be treated as illegal immigrants.

Under EU regulations, refugees must register and claim asylum in the first member state they reach.

Interior Minister Ranko Ostojic said that Croatia would close its border with Serbia if another 8,000 migrants enter in one day.

Migrants started heading to the Croatian border on Wednesday, after Hungary sealed its southern border with Serbia on Tuesday.

There were chaotic scenes at at least two official border crossings between the two countries on Thursday, after Croatian officials were overwhelmed by the numbers of arrivals.

Correspondents described the situation at the train station at Tovarnik as mayhem earlier in the day, after several thousand migrants who had crossed from Serbia were held back by riot police, trying to get them to wait for transport on from the border.

Croatian police eventually gave way under pressure.

All morning several thousand people had waited in the heat hoping a train would take them north on their long journey to Germany.

Around midday we saw a group of young men begin to mobilise for a protest.

At first they tried to walk towards Zagreb on the rail line but were turned back by the police. They then walked to the police line on the road next to the station. For about an hour they chanted "let us go" and pressed the police to be allowed through.

Eventually police allowed some women and children to squeeze past their line.

Scenes of chaos followed. Men tried to push through. Children became separated from parents.

The police did not resort to force. There was no use of batons or tear gas. They attempted to push the crowd back but could not prevent a breach.

I saw hundreds pushing through a wire fence and running towards the main road. On the way a man suffered a heart attack.

A combination of angry young men, extraordinary numbers of people and a lack of any coherent plan by the EU has produced scenes of chaos in Europe.

At the northernmost crossing between Croatia and Serbia, the River Danube separates Batina, on the Croatian side of the border, from the Serbian town of Bezdan.

The BBC's Lucy Williamson witnessed thousands of jubilant migrants streaming across the bridge and through the border, into Croatia and the EU.

Many of the migrants said they intended to walk to Slovenia, Croatia's neighbour to the north.

On Thursday evening, Slovenian police said they had stopped a train carrying around 200 refugees at Dobova on the border with Croatia.

Slovenia, like Hungary, is within the borderless Schengen zone. Officials have said they will not allow Slovenia to be a "corridor" to other EU countries to the north.

Hungarian media have reported that dozens of migrants were crossing from Croatia into Hungary at Illocska, within 50km (30 miles) of Bezdan - thus avoiding the fence on Hungary's border with Serbia.

Hungary's Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto says the country will extend its fence along the border with Romania.

On Wednesday, Hungarian authorities used water cannon and tear gas at the border with Serbia to stop hundreds of migrants forcing their way through.

The United Nations' top human rights official said the images from the border were "truly shocking".

Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein said he was appalled at Hungarian authorities' actions, some of which "amount to clear violations of international law".

Separately on Thursday, European Council President Donald Tusk announced an emergency summit on migration on 23 September.

The European Parliament voted to back plans for the mandatory relocation of 120,000 refugees around the EU, but interior ministers from EU countries have not so far been able to reach agreement on the plan.

In other developments:
  • Germany has extended border controls currently in place with Austria to the Czech Republic
  • The head of the German agency in charge of migration and refugees has resigned, citing personal reasons
  • Authorities in Paris, France, are moving more than 500 migrants out of tent camps and offering them accommodation elsewhere
  • Bulgaria is sending extra troops to its border with Turkey in case of a further influx of refugees, its defence minister says
  • Hundreds of migrants are stranded near the Turkish city of Edirne, close to the border with Bulgaria and Greece
  • Austrian railways say services to and from Hungary, suspended on 10 September, will follow their normal timetable from Friday
  • The Czech prime minister has indicated his country could voluntarily offer asylum to around 10,000 refugees - far more than the 1,500 the Czech Republic has so far agreed to accept
186
Meet the Woman Behind the #IStandWithAhmed Hashtag Supporting Ahmed Mohamed
from ABC News

Amneh Jafari, a 23-year-old college student, said she had no idea the impact she would have on Ahmed Mohamed, the 14-year-old Muslim student who was arrested after the clock he made as a science project was mistaken for a bomb.

Ahmed, a freshman at MacArthur High School in Irving, Texas, was put in handcuffs Monday when his homemade digital clock was mistaken for a bomb by school officials. After a police investigation, Ahmed was released and no charges were brought against him.

But after seeing the story on local news, Jafari, also Muslim, told ABC News today she felt the need to show solidarity with Ahmed, who she believes was discriminated against, though the Irving Police Department's chief said on Wednesday that if the student in the situation had been white, officials' "reaction would have been the same either way."

Jafari wrote the following tweet below, being the first to start the hashtag #IStandWithAhmed.

QuoteIf his name was John he would be labeled as a genius. Since its Ahmed he's labeled as a "suspect". #doublestandards #IStandWithAhmed

The hashtag took off on social media, and has been tweeted over 600,000 times as of this afternoon, according to Twitter analytic service Topsy.

"I never expected it to be like this, to get this big," said Jafari, a psychology student at the University of Texas in Arlington. "When Obama and Mark Zuckerberg put out the statement giving him these amazing opportunities, I didn't know if this was real or a dream."

The 23-year-old explained that the hashtag was not just for Ahmed but for "people of all colors, of all races, the youth and the other people that are discriminated."

"They are not alone," Jafari said. "We can go through it together and fight hatred and spread love and peace."

Though she hasn't met Ahmed in person yet, Jafari said she got to speak with him over the phone.

"He thanked me for starting the movement and I kept thanking him, telling him that he inspires me," she said. "Even though I started the hashtag, he's inspired me in so many ways. I just hope he sees the positivity in this, how bright his future is and the amazing changes he's made in this world."

Ahmed has been offered invitations and career opportunities from dozens of high-profile leaders and celebrities, including an invite to the White House during its "Astronomy Night," an invite to discuss a Twitter and Reddit internships, and an invite to a special tour of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology -- Ahmed's dream school.
187
7 Ways the Second Republican Debate Changed the 2016 Presidential Race
from ABC News

When 23 million people have their eyes on the television, the stakes are high.

The Republican presidential candidates were offered yet another major opportunity in the road to the White House Wednesday night, a chance to jockey for a place in the spotlight and shake up the field.

We’ve seen debates tank the bids of some candidates -â€" like Rick Perry’s “oops” moment four years ago. And we’ve seen some ignite a spark in the campaigns of candidates like Carly Fiorina a month ago.

Here's how the second Republican debate from Wednesday night could shake up the 2016 field.

1. Carly Fiorina

BEFORE: As the only female candidate in the crowded GOP field, Fiorina was hoping to replicate her strong performance in the first undercard debate and use her outsider status to capitalize on widespread content among Republicans. Questions swirled about how whether sparks would fly when she went head-to-head (or face-to-face?) with Donald Trump.

AFTER: She nailed it. The former Hewlett-Packard CEO was passionate and articulate, not backing down to jabs from the frontrunner. “I think women all over this country heard very clearly what Mr. Trump said,” she said stoically in response to Trump's earlier comments about her appearance. While Fiorina is sure to receive a boost from the debate, she hasn’t been able to top 5 percent yet in a national poll, so it’s unclear where the debate will leave her.

2. Donald Trump

BEFORE: It’s been smooth sailing for Trump so far this cycle, leading by double digits in most national polls and becoming the first candidate in the field to garner more than 30 percent support. But escalating attacks from candidates and new efforts from outside groups since the first debate may soon cause trouble, as neurosurgeon Ben Carson is quickly closing in.

AFTER: The Donald took a beating during the second debate from all sides in one of his weaker moments of the campaign so far. But it likely won’t prompt any kind of major drop in the polls. The brash billionaire’s supporters have not abandoned him despite several blunders and attacks up to this point. Still, the days of Trump “the frontrunner” may be numbered -â€" instead making Trump “one of the frontrunners,” thanks to a surging Ben Carson. It’s not clear whether Carly Fiorina’s likely rise â€"- particularly among women -â€" will come at Trump’s expense.

3. Ben Carson

BEFORE: Carson is climbing rapidly in the polls, feeding off Republican voters’ desire for an outsider with no elected experience. He has been particularly successful in the crucial first-in-the-nation caucus state of Iowa, where evangelical Christians and social conservatives hold sway.

AFTER: The soft-spoken doctor was often pushed to the sidelines during the debate. But his comments (or lack of comments) probably won’t change his fans’ support of him much or hamper his climb to the top. While some may see Carson as being low-energy, his supporters view him as measured and thoughtful. And they love it. It’s not clear yet whether Fiorina’s expected rise will slow Carson down.

4. Jeb Bush

BEFORE: The establishment favorite needed to claw his way back into contention. Like the first debate, Bush still flanked Trump, but he was quickly sinking in the polls. Instead of trailing Trump from second place by about 10 percentage points, Bush now trails Trump from third place by upwards of 20 points.

AFTER: Bush finally hit his stride after about two hours of debating, defending his brother and wife while apologizing to his mom for admitting to using marijuana in his youth. But was it too little too late? The establishment favorite had several spats with Trump, willing to take on the real estate mogul by mirroring the directness he’s used on the campaign trail. But to be sure, the former Florida Governor â€"- and his millions of Super PAC dollars â€"- are not going anywhere anytime soon. He’ll continue to be a major player in the months to come.

5. Marco Rubio

BEFORE: Marco Rubio is seen by some Republican insiders as an excellent general election candidate and major contender for the nomination -â€" despite his mediocre poll numbers â€"- because of his energy, youth and Hispanic heritage. The Florida Senator has been hovering in the mid-single digits in national polls, still awaiting a breakout moment.

AFTER: Rubio didn’t get that viral moment in this debate, but he delivered strong response after strong response, revealing his charisma and articulate oratory skills. He especially continued to show his strength on foreign policy. Rubio knows this campaign is a marathon and not a sprint, giving him months to break out from the middle of the pack. So for now, he aims to sustain his slow and steady climb toward becoming a viable nominee, banking on an upcoming day in the spotlight.

6. Scott Walker

BEFORE: A month ago, Walker was leading Iowa and neck-and-neck with Jeb Bush. But now, he’s collapsed, falling dramatically to 2 percent in the two latest national polls. It was important for Walker to prove he was still a force to be reckoned with in this debate.

AFTER: While the Wisconsin governor got off to a solid start, his comments were often drowned out by more lively and intense spats between Trump and others like Bush and Fiorina. While Walker likely won’t see a bump from the debate in national polls, he will continue his grassroots effort in Iowa to re-establish the footing he used to have there â€" and trying to resist claims that his time has come and gone.

7. The Rest

BEFORE: Some in the rest of the field â€"- like Mike Huckabee and Ted Cruz â€"- have middle-of-the-pack poll numbers, but desperately needed to broaden their support. The others â€"- Rand Paul, Chris Christie and John Kasich -â€" needed a spark to give themselves even a sliver of the spotlight dominated by the outsider frontrunners.

AFTER: Despite some strong performances from Ted Cruz and Chris Christie, the candidates needed a home run and may have gotten only a sacrifice fly. Mike Huckabee, Rand Paul and John Kasich had limited time and did not create strong moments that would prompt a major swing in the polls. RNC spokesperson Sean Spicer told CNN this morning that it’s possible the next debate will not have an undercard debate, which means it’s likely that some of these contenders will be fighting for their political lives a month from now.
188
Rock Band's developer has a 'Wii Sports'-like rhythm game for Apple TV
from Mashable

Little time was spent on gaming during the big Apple TV reveal, but one of the more unexpected surprises was Beat Sports, a sports-inspired rhythm game from Harmonix, the studio behind the Rock Band series.

True to its creator's musical background, Beat Sports ties the thrill of winning big at sports with the satisfying rhythm of tapping in time to a beat. As a whole, it's a collection of minigames that seems to, in some ways, mirror Nintendo's own Wii Sports collections.

Harmonix demoed a rhythmic take on baseball's home run derby at the Apple event. It's set in outer space and your pitchers are cartoon aliens, so it's safe to say this is a kid-focused (or at least all ages) kind of game.

Hitting balls involves swiping to move your batter between three different pitching lanes (think Rock Band, folks), using the music to guide your timing. It all depends on using the Apple TV's swipe-y new remote control.

That's all Harmonix had to share of the game, but there's an official website and Twitter feed for Beat Sports as well. Those confirm that the game is a minigame collection, with rhythmic takes on tennis, volleyball and golf, as well as baseball.
189
Apple announces Siri-enabled Apple TV
from USA Today

Apple announced an all-new Apple TV Wednesday, including a Siri-enabled remote, a fast new operating system and apps that allow users to watch what, when and where they want.

All of this is building a base for the future, which will include the introduction of Apple’s own streaming video service, said Peter Csathy, CEO of Manatt Digital Media, a law and consulting firm in Los Angeles.
"That’s the big headline, the fact that Apple’s trying to control your home experience. Apple’s seeding the market with its Apple TV and will put its full marketing force behind it for the first time,” he said.

Apple CEO Tim Cook said as much from on stage. "Apple TV represents the future of television," he told the audience.

“The television experience has been virtually standing still, while innovation has been thriving in the mobile space. Today we are going to do something about that,” he said.

The hockey puck-sized Apple TV set-top box connects to the TV and to the Internet. It will start at $149 for a 32-gigabit version, going up to $199 for a 64-gigabit version.

It will be available in late October in over 80 countries and 100 by the end of the year, Apple said.

Apple TV will come with a fast new operating system called tvOS and an iPhone-like remote that is Siri-enabled and includes a touch surface that allows users to control the screen with their finger.

Users can ask the Siri-remote to find them anything from funny TV shows to what Modern Family episode featured a given actor.

Siri will search across iTunes, Hulu, Netflix and Showtime and give the user all availabilities on a single screen, said Eddy Cue, senior vice president of Internet software and services at Apple. More will be added in the future, he said.

If the new remote works at advertised, “it really can be a powerful new kind of television user experience,” said Csathy.

While Roku, another digital media player, has had voice commend for some time, “the power and precision of Apple TV’s is evolutionary,” Csathy said.

“That alone is a headline feature that could draw more and more people into the Apple TV experience,” he said.

Apple's digital media player has languished since its last refresh in 2012. Cook said in March that Apple TV has 25 million users.

Crucially, the new Apple TV will come with its own App Store, featuring apps for TV and video viewing, games, sports and shopping. Already ready to go are apps for Airbnb, MLB, Gilt, Guitar Hero and Crossy Road.

The future of TV is apps, said Cook.

Opening up Apple TV to third party developers is huge, said Dan Cryan,  an analyst with IHS Technology. The problem with Apple TV had been that there was no easy way for video producers world wide to get on to it.

The Apple TV App Store was "the single most important announcement" at the event, Cryan said. “It broadens out the types of content available on the device and it makes it easier for third party developers to get on the device,” he said.

Prior to this, getting content onto Apple TV requires a management level conversation with TV companies in every country of the world. The App Store turns that into a simple review process.

That will allow Apple to rapidly scale its offerings to a global audience "and Apple is fundamentally a global company these days," Cryan said.
190
A Coruna rally: Spain crash leaves six dead
from BBC News

Six people, including a pregnant woman, have been killed after a car veered off the road during a car rally in north-western Spain.

Police said that 16 people had been injured, some critically, after the accident at the A Coruna car rally.

Television footage showed the car crashing off the road into spectators in a cloud of dust. Police said that the car had been going too fast.

Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy expressed his condolences on Twitter.

He said the rally had been "tinged with mourning".

"My heartfelt condolences for those killed. I wish the injured a full and speedy recovery," he added.

The accident happened at around 20:00 (18:00 GMT) on Saturday evening near the town of Carral in the province of Galicia.

Local media reported that the drivers were not among the injured.

The rally has been suspended. More than 140 people had been participating in the rally, El Pais newspaper reports.

The authorities in the region of Galicia are now investigating.

191
Tyson Fury says he'll quit boxing if he loses to Wladimir Klitschko
from Sky Sports

Tyson Fury has threatened to quit boxing if he fails to take Wladimir Klitschko's world titles on October 24.

The unbeaten heavyweight (24-0-KO18) travels to Dusseldorf to take on WBO, WBA Super and IBF champion Klitschko (64-3-KO53) and expects to knock the 39-year-old Ukrainian out to herald a new era for the division.

Fury told Sky Sports News HQ: "If I can't knock him out then I must be useless. If I can't beat a 40-year-old man, I need banning from boxing. If I can't, then I won't be boxing on because I won't be able to achieve and get my goals.

"He's been a great champion but [has] not fought anyone of note. That's where I come in to it. Every 10, 15 or 20 years there's a man who comes along and wipes everyone out. We're in a bad era of heavyweights but I tell you what I'm looking forward to â€" going in there and writing this fellow off.

"I don't like him, for one. I don't think he's an ambassador and has ruined the heavyweight division. People say he's a great champion, clean-shaved, un-tattooed, great manners, very educated. So what? He's boring and has ruined the division as far as I'm concerned.

"He's got as much personality as the wall I'm looking at in front of me."

Klitschko has dominated the heavyweight scene in recent years and his brother, Vitali, held world titles in the same division before his retirement. Fury, though, is unimpressed by their legacy and highlighted Wladimir's three knockout defeats as reason for confidence.

He added: "I'm not too bothered if he's got 10 brothers. If they all want to fight at the same time, I'll fight them all. It doesn't make a difference how many brothers he brings or what he does, he's getting knocked out. End of.

"It's not going to be a points decision in Germany as we all know. You're not going to beat a Super champion in his own country on points, so I need a knockout to get a victory. It's not a problem for me.

"He's 40 years old. If I can't knock him out then it doesn't say a lot of me â€" a 27-year-old in the prime of his life. He's been knocked out three times. Three men have done and if a man can be knocked out three times before, what's to stop him getting knocked out again?

"He thinks he's perfected his style with his long reach and his jab-and-grab style but he's never fought anyone like me. I'm a 6ft 9in man who can move and throw different shapes around the ring. He's fought big men who can't move and small men who are small and can't get to him.

"I don't value what he's done. Who cares? It's a man with a pair of gloves on throwing punches at me and I'm going to be throwing punches at him. It doesn't mean anything to me what he's achieved."
192
Wayne Rooney equals Bobby Charlton's England scoring record
from Sky Sports

Wayne Rooney equalled Bobby Charlton's all-time England record of 49 goals after scoring against San Marino - but must wait to break it.

The England captain sent goalkeeper Aldo Simoncini the wrong way as he slotted home a 13th minute penalty in the European Qualifiers Group E clash.

Rooney, who scored his first goal for England against Macedonia in 2003, matched Charlton's record, which had stood alone since May 1970.

But, in a move that surprised many in Serravalle, Roy Hodgson substituted his skipper in the 58th minute, denying him to chance to bring up his 50 in the 6-0 win.

Rooney's 49 goals for England:



1) Macedonia 1 England 2, European Championship qualifier, September 6, 2003

2) England 2 Liechtenstein 0, European Championship qualifier, September 10, 2003

3) England 2 Denmark 3, friendly, November 16, 2003

4 & 5) England 6 Iceland 1, FA Summer Tournament, June 5, 2004

6 & 7) England 3 Switzerland 0, European Championship finals, June 17, 2004

8 & 9) England 4 Croatia 2, European Championship finals, June 21, 2004

10) Denmark 4 England 1, friendly, August 17, 2005

11) England 3 Argentina 2, friendly, November 12, 2005

12) Netherlands 1 England 1, friendly, November 15, 2006

13) England 3 Estonia 0, European Championship qualifier, October 13, 2007

14) Russia 2 England 1, European Championship qualifier, October 17, 2007

15) Croatia 1 England 4, World Cup qualifier, September 10, 2008

16 & 17) England 5 Kazakhstan 1, World Cup qualifier, October 11, 2008

18 & 19) Belarus 1 England 3, World Cup qualifier, October 15, 2008

20 & 21) England 4 Slovakia 0, friendly, March 28, 2009

22) Kazakhstan 0 England 4, World Cup qualifier, June 6, 2009

23 & 24) England 6 Andorra 0, World Cup qualifier, June 10, 2009



25 & 26) England 5 Croatia 1, World Cup qualifier, September 9, 2009

27) Switzerland 1 England 3, European Championship qualifier, September 7, 2010

28 & 29) Bulgaria 0 England 3, European Championship qualifier, September 2, 2011

30) Ukraine 0 England 1, European Championship finals, June 19, 2012

31 & 32) England 5 San Marino 0, World Cup qualifier, October 12, 2012

33) Poland 1 England 1, World Cup qualifier, October 17, 2012

34) England 2 Brazil 1, friendly, February 6, 2013

35) San Marino 0 England 8, World Cup qualifier, March 22, 2013

36) Montenegro 1 England 1, World Cup qualifier, March 26, 2013

37) Brazil 2 England 2, friendly, June 2, 2013

38) England 4 Montenegro 1, World Cup qualifier, October 11, 2013

39) England 2 Poland 0, World Cup qualifier, October 15, 2013

40) England 2 Ecuador 2, friendly, June 4, 2014

41) England 1 Uruguay 2, World Cup finals, June 19, 2014

42) England 1 Norway 0, friendly, September 3, 2014

43) England 5 San Marino 0, European Championship qualifier, October 9, 2014

44) Estonia 0 England 2, European Championship qualifier, October 12, 2014

45) England 3 Slovenia 1, European Championship qualifier, November 15, 2014

46) Scotland 1 England 3, friendly, November 18, 2014

47) England 4 Lithuania 0, European Championship qualifier, March 27, 2015

48) Slovenia 2 England 3, European Championship qualifier, June 2015

49) San Marino 0-6 England, European Championship qualifier, September 2015
193
Ukraine's President Lauds Renewed Cease-Fire in the East
from The New York Times

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has lauded the renewed cease-fire in the east, saying that not a single Ukrainian soldier has died in fighting this week.

The military conflict in Ukraine's industrial heartland has left more than 6,800 dead and despite a cease-fire declared in February artillery strikes from both sides were still a daily occurrence when both parties pledged last week to finally implement the truce starting Sept. 1.

Poroshenko said Saturday that this is the first week in the year-long conflict when no soldier has been killed in fighting. Several servicemen, however, died from land mines and in car accidents.

Poroshenko said the shelling did not stop completely but the number of artillery strikes dropped from up to 200 a day to just a few now.
194
Exhaustion, Elation as 5,000 Migrants Reach Austria, Germany
from The New York Times

Thousands of exhausted, elated people fleeing their Arab and Asian homelands reached their dream destinations of Germany and Austria on Saturday, completing epic journeys by boat, bus, train and foot to escape war and poverty.

Before dawn, they clambered off a fleet of Hungarian buses at the Austrian border to find a warm welcome from charity workers offering beds and hot tea. Within a few more hours of rapid-fire aid, many found themselves whisked by train to the Austrian capital, Vienna, and the southern German city of Munich.

The surprise overnight effort eased immediate pressure on Hungary, which has struggled to manage the flow of thousands of migrants arriving daily from non-EU member Serbia. But officials warned that the human tide south of Hungary still was rising, and more westward-bound travelers arrived in Budapest within hours of an exodus from the capital's central rail station.

The apparent futility of stopping the migrants' progress west was underscored when Hungary announced Saturday that its bus service to the border had finished and would not be repeated. Almost immediately two groups hit the pavement to start walking to the border: about 200 people who walked out of an open-door refugee camp near the city of Gyor, and about 300 who left Budapest's central Keleti train station, the epicenter of Hungary's recent migrant crisis.

Austrian police spokesman Helmut Marban said more than 5,000 asylum seekers crossed into Austria from Hungary by the afternoon and most had traveled by train to Vienna or beyond. Germany said more than 600 of those have reached Munich. And officials in both Austria and Germany said the unregulated flow of people Saturday from Hungary meant that up to 10,000 might reach Austria by nightfall.

Hungarian authorities had spent most of the week trying to force those flooding into the country to report to government-run refugee centers to apply for asylum in their initial EU entry point as the 28-nation bloc's rules require. But thousands refused â€" some expressing fears that Hungary would deport or detain them indefinitely â€" and demanded free passage chiefly to Germany.

After a three-day standoff with police, thousands marched west Friday from the Keleti train station along Hungary's major motorway and camped overnight in the rain by the roadside. Hundreds more broke through police lines at a train station in the western town of Bicske, where police were trying to take them to a refugee camp, and blocked the main rail line as they, too, marched west.

Austria and Germany made the breakthrough possible by announcing they would take responsibility for the mass of humanity that was already on the move west or camped out in their thousands at Keleti. Hungary on Tuesday had suspended train services from that station to Austria and Germany, compounding the build-up there as it sought to compel the visitors to register for asylum in Hungary.

Austrian Federal Railways said the arrivals, once they passed through hastily assembled border shelters and enjoyed refreshments, were being placed on trains to both Vienna and the western city of Salzburg and, for those who requested it, links onward to German cities. Hundreds more also were making their way independently to the border on foot.

The human rights watchdog Amnesty International welcomed the initiative to clear Hungary's humanitarian traffic jam.

"After endless examples of shameful treatment by governments of refugees and migrants in Europe, it is a relief to finally see a sliver of humanity. But this is far from over, both in Hungary and in Europe as a whole," said Gauri van Gulik, Amnesty's deputy director for Europe. "The pragmatic and humane approach finally applied here should become the rule, not the exception."

But Hungary's prime minister, Viktor Orban, told reporters the opposite was more likely. He said Hungary collected and drove the migrants to the border only because they were posing a public menace, particularly by snarling the country's major motorway and rail lines west of Budapest.

"It is unacceptable for them to paralyze traffic on the highway and they are putting their own lives at risk," Orban said at his ruling party's annual picnic in a village near Lake Balaton. "We proved that we were able to protect both their safety and that of Hungarians."

Orban said Hungary was determined to reduce the flow of foreigners trying to traverse the country en route to the wealthier, more immigrant-friendly West. He criticized European Union plans to reach a bloc-wide agreement at a summit Sept. 14 committing each nation to accept a new quota of foreigners to shelter, arguing that this would only spur more one-way traffic.

"What will it solve if we divide 50,000 or 100,000 migrants among us, when uncountable millions will be on the way?" Orban said.

When the first group of 400 arrived in Vienna, charity workers offered a wide choice of supplies displayed in separately labeled shopping carts containing food, water and packages of hygiene products for men and women. A mixed crowd of friends and Austrian onlookers cheered their arrival, with many shouting "Welcome!" in both German and Arabic. One Austrian woman pulled from her handbag a pair of children's rubber rain boots and handed them to a Middle Eastern woman carrying a small boy.

"Austria is very good," said Merhan Harshiri, a 23-year-old Iraqi who smiled broadly as he walked toward the supply line, where newcomers munched on fresh fruit. "We have been treated very well by Austrian police."

"I am very happy," said Firas Al Tahan, 38, a laundry worker from the Syrian capital, Damascus. Seated beside him on the train station's concrete pavement were his 33-year-old wife, Baneaa, in her lap 1-month-old daughter Dahab, and beside them four other children aged 5 to 12, all smiling beside a cart containing green and red apples.

Earlier in jubilant scenes on the border, about 100 busloads of migrants and refugees disembarked on the Hungarian side of the border and walked a short distance into Austria, where volunteers at a roadside Red Cross shelter welcomed them with tea and handshakes. Many of the travelers slumped in exhaustion on the floor, evident relief etched on their faces.

Many had been awoken by friends at Keleti around midnight with news many didn't believe after days of deadlock: Hungary was granting their demand to be allowed to reach Austria and, for many, onward travel to Germany. Many feared that the scores of buses assembling at the terminal instead would take them to Hungarian camps for asylum-seekers, as the government previously insisted must happen. At times, it took extended negotiation at the bus doors to persuade people to climb aboard.

Keleti appeared transformed Saturday as cleaners used power washers to clear what had become a squalid urban refugee camp of approximately 3,000 residents sprawled about every courtyard and tunnel leading to Budapest's subway system. Only about 10 police remained to supervise a much-thinned presence of approximately 500 campers sleeping in pup tents or on blankets and carpets.

Keleti's transient population dwindled further in the afternoon as about 300 headed west through the city on foot. One marcher displayed a handwritten cardboard banner reading "Walking on foot to Austria." Unlike Friday, when police tried to block marchers initially, officers this time offered practical assistance in controlling traffic and providing directions to the marchers. They quickly crossed a major bridge spanning the Danube River as police in two vans and on two motorcycles stopped traffic to ease the trekkers' safe passage.

Many travelers have spent months in Turkish refugee camps, taken long and risky journeys by boat, train and foot through Greece and the Balkans, and crawled under barbed wire on Hungary's southern frontier to a generally frosty welcome in this country with strong anti-immigrant sentiments.

In Berlin, German officials said they felt it was necessary to take responsibility given Hungary's apparent inability to manage the challenge. But they emphasized that Hungary, as an EU member and first port of call for many migrants, needed to do more to ensure that new arrivals filed for asylum there rather than travel deeper into Europe.

German government spokesman Georg Streiter told The Associated Press that Saturday's acceptance of migrants represented "an attempt to help solve an emergency situation. But we continue to expect Hungary to meet its European obligations."

German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who has led calls for other EU members to shelter more migrants as potential refugees, particularly those fleeing civil war in Syria, said in comments published Saturday that her country would observe no legal limit on the number of asylum seekers it might take.

Merkel told the Funke consortium of newspapers that "the right to political asylum has no limits on the number of asylum seekers."

"As a strong, economically healthy country we have the strength to do what is necessary" and ensure that every asylum seeker gets a fair hearing, she was quoted as saying.

195
Quick facts: What you need to know about the Syria crisis
from Mercy Corps



Syria’s civil war is the worst humanitarian disaster of our time. The number of innocent civilians suffering â€" more than 11 million people are displaced, thus far â€" and the increasingly dire impact on neighboring countries can seem too overwhelming to understand.

But one fact is simple: millions of Syrians need our help. And the more aware people are of the situation, the more we can build a global response to reach them. Our lifesaving work is only possible with your knowledge and support.

So take a few minutes to understand the magnitude of this crisis. Read below to learn the facts behind the figures â€" and find out how you can help.



When did the crisis start?
Anti-government demonstrations began in March of 2011, part of the Arab Spring. But the peaceful protests quickly escalated after the government's violent crackdown, and rebels began fighting back against the regime.

By July, army defectors had loosely organized the Free Syrian Army and many civilian Syrians took up arms to join the opposition. Divisions between secular and Islamist fighters, and between ethnic groups, continue to complicate the politics of the conflict.

What is happening to Syrians caught in the war?
More than four years after it began, the full-blown civil war has killed over 220,000 people, half of whom are believed to be civilians. Bombings are destroying crowded cities and horrific human rights violations are widespread. Basic necessities like food and medical care are sparse.

The U.N. estimates that 7.6 million people are internally displaced. When you also consider refugees, more than half of the country’s pre-war population of 23 million is in need of urgent humanitarian assistance, whether they still remain in the country or have escaped across the borders.

Where are they fleeing to?
The majority of Syrian refugees are living in Jordan and Lebanon, where Mercy Corps has been addressing their needs since 2012. In the region’s two smallest countries, weak infrastructure and limited resources are nearing a breaking point under the strain.

In August 2013, more Syrians escaped into northern Iraq at a newly opened border crossing. Now they are trapped by that country's own insurgent conflict, and Iraq is struggling to meet the needs of Syrian refugees on top of more than one million internally displaced Iraqis â€" efforts that we are working to support.

An increasing number of Syrian refugees are fleeing across the border into Turkey, overwhelming urban host communities and creating new cultural tensions. Mercy Corps is working in these areas as well to help families meet their basic needs and find work.

Hundreds of thousands of refugees are also attempting the dangerous trip across the Mediterranean Sea from Turkey to Greece, hoping to find a better future in Europe. Not all of them make it across alive. Those who do make it to Greece still face steep challenges â€" resources are strained by the influx and services are minimal.

How are people escaping?
Thousands of Syrians flee their country every day. They often decide to finally escape after seeing their neighborhoods bombed or family members killed.

The risks on the journey to the border can be as high as staying: Families walk for miles through the night to avoid being shot at by snipers or being caught by soldiers who will kidnap young men to fight for the regime.

How many refugees are there?
Four million Syrians have registered or are awaiting registration with the United Nations High Commission of Refugees, who is leading the regional emergency response.



Every year of the conflict has seen an exponential growth in refugees. In 2012, there were 100,000 refugees. By April 2013, there were 800,000. That doubled to 1.6 million in less than four months. There are now four million Syrians scattered throughout the region, making them the world's largest refugee population under the United Nations' mandate.

At this rate, the U.N. predicts there could be 4.27 million Syrian refugees by the end of 2015 â€" the worst exodus since the Rwandan genocide 20 years ago.

Do all refugees live in camps?
The short answer: no.

Jordan’s Za'atari, the first official refugee camp that opened in July 2012, gets the most news coverage because it is the destination for newly arrived refugees. It is also the most concentrated settlement of refugees: Approximately 81,500 Syrians live in Za'atari, making it the country’s fourth largest city. The formerly barren desert is crowded with acres of white tents, makeshift shops line a “main street” and sports fields and schools are available for children.

A new camp, Azraq, opened in April 2014, carefully designed to provide a sense of community and security, with steel caravans instead of tents, a camp supermarket, and organized "streets" and "villages."

Because Jordan’s camps are run by the government and the U.N. â€" with many partner organizations like Mercy Corps coordinating services â€" they offer more structure and support. But many families feel trapped, crowded, and even farther from any sense of home, so they seek shelter in nearby towns.

Iraq has set up a few camps to house the influx of refugees who arrived in 2013, but the majority of families are living in urban areas. And in Lebanon, the government has no official camps for refugees, so families have established makeshift camps or find shelter in derelict, abandoned buildings. In Turkey, the majority of refugees are trying to survive and find work, despite the language barrier, in urban communities.

The fact is, the majority of refugees live outside camps.

What conditions are refugees facing outside camps?
Some Syrians know people in neighboring countries who they can stay with. But many host families were already struggling on meager incomes and do not have the room or finances to help as the crisis drags on.

Refugees find shelter wherever they can. Our teams have seen families living in rooms with no heat or running water, in abandoned chicken coops and storage sheds.

Most refugees must find a way to pay rent, even for derelict structures. Without any legal way to work in Jordan and Lebanon, they struggle to find odd jobs and accept low wages that often don’t cover their most basic needs. The situation is slightly better in the Kurdish Autonomous region of northern Iraq, where Syrian Kurds can legally work, but opportunities are now limited because of the conflict there. And language is still a barrier.

The lack of clean water and sanitation in crowded, makeshift settlements is an urgent concern. Diseases like cholera and polio can easily spread â€" even more life-threatening without enough medical services. In some areas with the largest refugee populations, water shortages have reached emergency levels; the supply is as low as 30 liters per person per day â€" one-tenth of what the average American uses.

The youngest refugees face an uncertain future. Some schools have been able to divide the school day into two shifts and make room for more Syrian students. But there is simply not enough space for all the children, and many families cannot afford the transportation to get their kids to school.

How many refugees are children?
According to the U.N., more than half of all Syrian refugees are under the age of 18. Most have been out of school for months, if not years.



The youngest are confused and scared by their experiences, lacking the sense of safety and home they need. The older children are forced to grow up too fast, finding work and taking care of their family in desperate circumstances.

Is there enough assistance to reach everyone?
In December 2014, the U.N. issued its largest ever appeal for a single crisis â€" according to their estimates, $8.4 billion is necessary to meet the needs of all those affected by the crisis, both inside and outside Syria, an increase from last year's $6.5 billion. Yet that previous appeal was only funded less than 50 percent.

Many humanitarian organizations, including Mercy Corps, are partnering with the U.N., using both private contributions and funding from the international community to actively address the needs of Syrians caught in this terrible disaster. But so much more must be done.

What can we do to help?
Mercy Corps is currently addressing the urgent needs of 3.7 million people both inside Syria and in neighboring countries.

We are delivering food and clean water, improving shelters and providing families with clothes, mattresses and other household essentials. We are helping children cope with trauma and leading constructive activities to nurture their healthy development. And we are focused on helping host communities and refugees work together to mitigate tensions and find solutions to limited resources.

We’ve worked in the region for 20 years and are committed to helping Syrians and the countries hosting them for as long as it takes.

But as the number of those in need keeps increasing, your support will allow us do even more. Here’s how you can make a difference for Syrian refugees:

- Donate today. Every single contribution helps us provide even more food, water, shelter and support to Syrian families in desperate need of help.
- Tell your friends. Share this story or go to our Facebook page to post the infographic and spread the word about the millions who need us.
- Start a campaign. You can turn knowledge into action by setting up a personal fundraising page and asking your friends and family to contribute to our efforts to help Syrians fleeing the war.
- Stay informed. Read more stories about our work and those we are helping on our Syria crisis response page. You can also learn more about our focus on protecting Syria’s children.
196
Syria conflict: Ministers to 'argue for UK military action'
from BBC News

Ministers will start to make a case for British military action in Syria next week - with Downing Street keen to take the "next step" against so-called Islamic State - the BBC understands.

Sources said ministers planned to lay the groundwork for a new Commons vote.

The government plans to set out its achievements in Iraq so far with RAF air strikes and training of Kurdish and Iraqi security forces, sources said.

The BBC also understands a small force could be sent to Libya.

The team of about 20 troops would be sent to help Libya secure its borders - which is seen as a crucial step towards stemming the flows of migrants into Europe.

IS 'degraded'

According to sources, ministers intend to argue that the mission to defeat IS now has to turn to Syria, and that the UK should play a role in that effort.

Describing the government's plans to increase its military involvement in the region, a source said: "The government is essentially posing a question: Could we do more? Should we do more? But Syria is where the fight should be taken to."

Another source added: "The government will say the campaign in Iraq has been a success. IS has been degraded, land has been taken back. Some of their leaders have been killed. But the problem is across the border in Syria."

Two years ago MPs rejected possible UK military action against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's government.

A new parliamentary vote on the issue is not imminent, but the case will continue to be made throughout September in the run-up to the anniversary of the launch of UK airstrikes in Iraq, sources added.

They said any move to extend UK military action to Syria would only involve an extension of airstrikes against IS targets and involvement in coalition special forces operations.

The timing of the separate, small deployment to Libya is expected to depend on when Libya can form a unity government, and may be part of a broader effort. Nato is poised to go back into Libya to rebuild the country's defence and military once there is more political stability.
197
Fans flock to stores for new 'Star Wars' products on Force Friday
from The Los Angeles Times


Fans enjoy midnight madness as Force Friday kicks off at Disney Store in San Francisco on Friday. (George Nikitin / Invision for Disney Consumer Pro)

"Star Wars" fans rushed to stores at midnight for Force Friday, the day when retailers start selling products tied to the upcoming film "Star Wars: The Force Awakens."

The carefully orchestrated merchandise debuts first started with Disney, which launched an 18-hour online marathon on Thursday to whip up excitement among fans.

As shopping events go, it fell short of Black Friday or even a Harry Potter book release at many stores, but retailers are still expecting to sell billions of dollars of "Star Wars" products this year.

About 30 people lined up inside a Wal-Mart store in Porter Ranch on Thursday night as employees began to stock shelves with some of the 500 items relating to the latest film, Wal-Mart spokesman Bao Nguyen said.

"We saw a lot of fans and collectors," he said. "A lot of them had done the research and knew who was going to carry what."

Disney and retailers, counting on "Star Wars" to drive toy sales during the upcoming holiday season, have gone all out to build excitement over new action figures, lightsabers and other merchandise months before the latest film in the "Star Wars" saga premieres in the U.S. on Dec. 18.

Target created a website so fans can share personal memories of their connection with the "Star Wars" franchise, as well as see other people's recollections, including celebrities such as actress Minka Kelly and TV host Chris Hardwick.

The Toys R Us store in New York City's Times Square held art classes and photo ops with Furbacca â€" a Hasbro Furby that looks like the fan favorite Chewbacca character. About 500 people waited outside to get their hands on items such as action figures and "Star Wars"-themed Lego sets, said Richard Barry, Toy R Us' global chief merchandising officer.

"This is one of the most successful franchises of all times," he wrote in an email. "We saw this represented in the crowds that came out to our stores across the country and around the globe."

Disney is fresh off an online extravaganza that mixed the power of YouTube stars with the popular trend of watching people open toy boxes online.

Starting Sept. 3 in Australia, YouTube personalities around the world unboxed toys tied to the movie. In between, Disney aired other content, including observations from two hosts based at YouTube's sprawling Los Angeles production studio.

Fans are expected to continue flocking to stores to pick up Darth Vader figures and Han Solo T-shirts throughout the upcoming months. In addition to its midnight product release, Wal-Mart is planning to unveil another batch of fresh products at 2,900 stores around the country at 10 a.m. Saturday.

"The movie comes out at the end of the year, so we are expecting popularity to shoot up even more," spokesman Nguyen said.
198
Women's Draw at 2015 US Open Is Wide Open Behind Serena Williams
from Bleacher Report

Serena Williams remains the clear favorite to win the 2015 U.S. Open. However, a slew of early upsets presents some unexpected openings for the rest of the field.

Seven of the top 10 seeds are gone after just two rounds.

Maria Sharapova, seeded No. 3, withdrew before the tournament started. Lucie Safarova (No. 6), Ana Ivanovic (No. 7), Karolina Pliskova (No. 8) and Carla Suarez Navarro (No. 10) all lost in the first round.

Garbine Muguruza (No. 9) fell to Johanna Konta in the longest women's match in U.S. Open history. Petra Cetkovska upset Caroline Wozniacki (No. 4) in a three-set thriller that lasted past midnight.   

This leaves Williams, Petra Kvitova and Simona Halep as the only top-10 seeds to advance to the third round.

It's difficult to gauge whether this dismal showing by the WTA Tour's top players represents parity or an anomaly. Regardless, some new faces are getting career-altering opportunities.

American Shelby Rogers, 22, is into the third round of a Grand Slam for the first time in her career. Although she knows Halep, her next opponent, will be difficult, Rogers is excited to get a shot at the No. 2 player. In a post-match press conference Rogers spoke about a lifetime of hard work leading up to this moment:

"That's why we play the sport. That's why we try to win each match, is to get to the further rounds and play the bigger players. I'm really excited. I just hope to bring my A-game. I'm going to fight like crap to win every point. Just enjoy the experience, you know. It's been an incredible couple weeks for me already, so... Yeah, just enjoying every moment out there."

Nineteen-year-old Anett Kontaveit (No. 152) is such a fresh face on the WTA Tour that she doesn't even have a picture in her bio. Yet she has a chance to make it through to the fourth round. Coming into this tournament, Kontaveit had two appearances in Grand Slams, both first-round losses at Wimbledon, this year and last year.

She will play Madison Brengle (No. 47), who had her best showing at a Slam earlier this year at the Australian Open. She reached the fourth round.
Daria Kasatkina, an 18-year-old Russian who got the lucky loser slot after Sharapova withdrew, could also move into the fourth round in her first Grand Slam appearance. Kasatkina (No. 133) has earned more prize money in two rounds at the U.S. Open than she has in her entire career.

Kasatkina told the WTA's staff she couldn't believe her luck. "When my coach told me, 'Sharapova withdrew, you're in the main draw,' I was like...Oh my god! Thanks God! ... Really, I was so happy because it's unbelievable luck to get the lucky loser at a Grand Slam. So I realized I was so, so lucky."

There are plenty of big names left. Belinda Bencic (No. 12), one of only two women to defeat Williams this year, takes on Venus Williams in the third round. Samantha Stosur, winner of the 2011 U.S. Open, remains in the draw. So does 2012 Wimbledon finalist Agnieszka Radwanska, who takes on rising star Madison Keys.

Eugenie Bouchard, who's working hard to get back on track, next faces 2014 Australian Open finalist Dominika Cibulkova, who beat Ivanovic in the first round. Cibulkova is trying to advance beyond the third round at the U.S. Open for the first time since 2010.

However, it's the no-names that are disrupting the draw at Flushing Meadows. 

Konta, appearing in her eighth Slam, reached the third round for the first time in dramatic fashion. She took out Wimbledon semifinalist, Muguruza in a match that lasted three hours and 23 minutes.

Despite surviving qualifiers and upsetting a top-10 player, Konta told the New York Times that her luck will run out soon enough. 

“You know, I am going to lose sooner or later. I’m not invincible. I’m no Serena Williams."
199
BlackBerry buys Good Technology for $425 mn
from The Financial Express

Canadian smartphone maker BlackBerry today bought rival mobile security provider Good Technology for $425 million in a move to broaden its software sales.

With its consumer smartphone sales sagging in recent years, BlackBerry turned to mobile security for governments and corporations, a market in which Good Technology also operates.

Good Technology of Sunnyvale, California serves more than 6,200 organizations, including banks, aerospace and defense firms, as well as healthcare, manufacturing and retail firms. Its software secures devices that use mostly Apple, but also Android and Windows operating systems.

BlackBerry is the mobility partner of all G7 governments, 16 of the G20 governments, the world’s top banks and law firms as well as healthcare, investment and oil and gas companies. Blackberry’s strength is in security for its own BBM operating system as well as Android.

“Enhanced by Good, BlackBerry will expand its ability to offer a unified, secure mobility platform with applications for any mobile device on any operating system â€" supported with security that has been certified by governments around the world embedded in every component of the mobility infrastructure,” BlackBerry said in a statement.
200
See China's air pollution in real time
from The Verge

Researchers at Berkeley have used Google Maps and new data on China's air pollution to create a near real-time visualization of the country's air quality. The online map is based on findings that the scientists published last month in the journal PLoS One. (map here: http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/air-quality/map.php)

The study is based on hourly air quality measurements from 1,500 sites across China and Hong Kong over a four month period last year. During that period (April to August 2014), 92 percent of China's population experienced more than 120 hours of "unhealthy air," based on US standards, while 38 percent were exposed to average concentrations that were unhealthy. Authors Robert Rohde and Richard Muller, of the research organization Berkeley Earth, calculated that outdoor air pollution contributes to 1.6 million deaths in China every year, or 4,400 per day.

POLLUTION LINKED WITH 1.6 MILLION DEATHS PER YEAR

As the South China Morning Post reports, Rohde and Muller have now applied their methodology to develop a Google Maps plug-in that displays air pollution levels across China in near real-time. The map shows levels of air particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), which are considered to be most dangerous to human health. Levels are displayed along a colored gradient, like a weather radar map, with low levels in green and unhealthy levels in red. Orange areas signify pollution levels that are dangerous to sensitive populations. On Thursday morning, the highest smog levels were in Shanghai, along China's eastern coast, and near the northeastern province of Shandong.

The Chinese government has taken steps to mitigate the country's air pollution, in response to public outcry, though it has retained tight control over public data and media reports. When a documentary on China's smog crisis went viral earlier this year, government censors quickly blocked access to it.